Table 3 Vitamin D status according to variables (Female)

15.6(0.163)

2748248

16.9(1.1)

13530639

83.1(1.1)

Age (years)

20-29

14.1(0.251)

383860

8.4(1.6)

4159095

91.6(1.6)

<0.001

30-39

15.3(0.283)

542108

14.9(1.9)

3098926

85.1(1.9)

40-49

15.6(0.268)

724950

16.7(2.0)

3613641

83.3(2.0)

50-65

17.5(0.271)

1097330

29.2(2.1)

2658978

70.8(2.1)

Body mass index (BMI) (n = 5393)

<23

15.3(0.195)

1457436

15.3(1.2)

8095076

84.7(1.2)

0.033

23-25

16.2(0.293)

642163

21.2(2.2)

2382941

78.8(2.2)

≥25

15.5(0.249)

631525

17.3(1.9)

3026934

82.7(1.9)

Dietary supplementation (n = 4590)

Yes

16.4(0.224)

1587530

22.1(1.6)

5583799

77.9(1.6)

<0.001

No

14.7(0.194)

874424

12.0(1.2)

6426624

88.0(1.2)

Physical activity

Yes

16.4(0.440)

260879

19.0(3.2)

1110135

81.0(3.2)

0.455

No

15.5(0.164)

2487369

16.7(1.1)

12415666

83.3(1.1)

Drinking

Yes

15.7(0.212)

1380747

16.0(1.4)

7252876

84.0(1.4)

0.298

No

15.4(0.199)

1367501

17.9(1.4)

6277763

82.1(1.4)

Smoking status

None/ex-smoker

15.5(0.161)

2495022

16.7(1.0)

12432922

83.3(1.0)

0.564

Current smoker

15.7(0.498)

253226

18.7(3.8)

1097717

81.3(3.8)

Marital status

Married

16.2(0.187)

2321272

20.4(1.3)

9058540

79.6(1.3)

<0.001

Unmarried

14.1(0.234)

426976

8.7(1.3)

4472099

91.3(1.3)

Income (quartile)

Low

16.9(0.502)

368499

27.6(3.7)

968252

72.4(3.7)

<0.001

Middle low

15.9(0.287)

932271

21.3(2.1)

3434927

78.7(2.1)

Middle high

15.3(0.234)

758403

13.7(1.5)

4762438

86.3(1.5)

High

15.3(0.234)

689075

13.6(1.5)

4365022

86.4(1.5)

Education

Less than elementary school

17.5(0.366)

467909

30.7(3.1)

1056651

69.3(3.1)

<0.001

Middle school

17.1(0.436)

370744

24.0(2.9)

1174167

76.0(2.9)

High school

15.3(0.240)

978233

17.2(1.8)

4698721

82.8(1.8)

More than college

15.0(0.198)

931362

12.4(1.2)

6601101

87.6(1.2)

Shift work

Yes

14.8(0.314)

443644

14.4(2.1)

2637092

85.6(2.1)

0.183

No

15.7(0.172)

2304604

17.5(1.2)

10893547

82.5(1.2)

Stability of work

Permanent worker

15.3(0.184)

1810551

15.3(1.2)

10038350

84.7(1.2)

0.01

Temporary worker

16.3(0.254)

937697

21.2(2.1)

3492290

78.8(2.1)

Employment type

Part-time worker

16.0(0.280)

830474

21.0(2.1)

3127546

79.0(2.1)

0.014

Full-time worker

15.4(0.177)

1917774

15.6(1.2)

10403093

84.4(1.2)

Occupation

Office worker

15.0(0.203)

945750

11.9(1.2)

6993107

88.1(1.2)

<0.001

Service worker

15.9(0.304)

784657

19.9(2.1)

3154425

80.1(2.1)

Manufacturing worker

16.3(0.262)

1017841

23.1(2.0)

3383107

76.9(2.0)

Working hours/week

<40

16.1(0.217)

1168254

19.9(1.7)

4701664

80.1(1.7)

0.029

40-52

15.2(0.201)

1077340

14.1(1.2)

6549011

85.9(1.2)

52-60

15.3(0.472)

243282

17.8(3.5)

1126308

82.2(3.5)

≥60

15.2(0.435)

259372

18.4(3.2)

1153657

81.6(3.2)