Table 1 Demographic characteristics by major category of the Korean Standard Classification of Occupations among male workers
Managers | Professional and related workers | Clerks | Service workers | Sales workers | Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers | Craft and related trades workers | Equipment, machine operation and assembling workers | Elementary workers | Total | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years)* | 50.9 (1.3) | 38.2 (0.7) | 39.1(0.7) | 36.8 (1.4) | 41.2 (1.2) | 56.4 (1.4) | 42.7 (0.9) | 45.1 (1.1) | 46.1 (1.7) | 44.1 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
Education | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
≤ Elementary school | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.4) | 0.4 (0.4) | 4.9 (2.1) | 6.5 (2.1) | 41.5 (3.3) | 14.2 (2.7) | 7.7 (1.8) | 21.7 (4.3) | 10.7 (1.1) | |
Middle school | 16.3 (5.6) | 0.4 (0.3) | 1.7 (1.0) | 6.4 (2.4) | 7.6 (2.2) | 20.8 (3.9) | 13.9 (2.5) | 19.7 (3.0) | 17.5 (3.6) | 10.3 (0.9) | |
High school | 31.8 (6.7) | 21.0 (3.6) | 27.6 (3.4) | 56.3 (5.4) | 45.7 (4.4) | 24.9 (3.2) | 53.3 (4.0) | 56.9 (4.0) | 50.5 (4.9) | 39.2 (1.5) | |
≥ University | 51.8 (6.7) | 78.0 (3.6) | 70.3 (3.6) | 32.4 (4.8) | 40.2 (3.9) | 12.8 (2.8) | 18.6 (3.0) | 15.7 (3.2) | 10.3 (2.8) | 39.8 (1.7) | |
Household income | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
Low | 3.7 (2.7) | 6.7 (1.8) | 2.7 (1.1) | 6.5 (2.7) | 9.3 (2.2) | 24.1 (4.0) | 12.3 (2.8) | 8.6 (2.4) | 26.5 (4.2) | 10.9 (1.0) | |
Low-middle | 10.6 (4.4) | 17.1 (2.7) | 24.5 (2.8) | 34.6 (2.7) | 27.6 (3.6) | 28.2 (4.3) | 35.4 (3.7) | 26.9 (3.5) | 29.2 (4.3) | 26.4 (1.4) | |
Middle-high | 29.2 (7.2) | 39.0 (3.0) | 33.9 (3.1) | 25.0 (4.4) | 36.1 (4.3) | 18.2 (2.6) | 29.0 (3.4) | 37.6 (3.6) | 29.5 (4.9) | 31.9 (1.4) | |
High | 56.5 (6.1) | 37.3 (2.9) | 38.9 (3.7) | 33.9 (5.2) | 27.0 (3.7) | 29.5 (4.2) | 23.4 (3.3) | 26.9 (3.4) | 14.8 (3.6) | 30.7 (1.6) | |
High-risk drinking | 0.002 | ||||||||||
Never | 17.5 (5.2) | 12.7 (2.1) | 14.1 (2.3) | 7.4 (2.6) | 13.0 (2.7) | 18.1 (3.6) | 14.1 (2.5) | 14.8 (2.3) | 26.4 (4.6) | 14.8 (1.0) | |
Once a month | 13.4 (6.3) | 46.3 (3.4) | 38.9 (3.3) | 44.4 (5.8) | 33.7 (4.0) | 32.6 (4.3) | 42.5 (4.5) | 39.2 (4.3) | 35.9 (5.5) | 40.0 (1.5) | |
Once a weak | 30.0 (6.6) | 30.2 (3.2) | 38.3 (3.6) | 35.5 (5.3) | 43.6 (4.3) | 26.2 (4.1) | 28.8 (3.8) | 29.7 (3.5) | 20.2 (4.7) | 31.8 (1.2) | |
Everyday | 9.1 (4.2) | 10.7 (2.0) | 8.7 (2.2) | 12.7 (3.6) | 9.8 (2.6) | 23.2 (3.3) | 14.6 (2.7) | 16.3 (3.2) | 17.5 (4.0) | 13.4 (1.1) | |
Smoking status | 0.027 | ||||||||||
Non-smoker | 15.0 (4.4) | 23.7 (2.4) | 17.7 (2.6) | 18.7 (3.9) | 17.9 (3.1) | 13.9 (2.8) | 12.0 (2.4) | 10.9 (2.5) | 15.5 (3.9) | 16.5 (1.0) | |
Ex-smoker | 41.1 (6.1) | 30.1 (2.9) | 31.6 (2.8) | 23.9 (4.4) | 31.8 (3.7) | 41.8 (3.0) | 32.7 (3.6) | 34.4 (3.1) | 29.5 (4.3) | 32.6 (1.3) | |
Current smoker | 43.9 (6.0) | 46.3 (3.4) | 50.8 (2.9) | 57.4 (5.1) | 50.3 (4.4) | 44.3 (3.5) | 55.4 (3.7) | 54.7 (3.4) | 55.0 (5.3) | 50.9 (1.4) | |
Vigorous physical activity | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
None | 66.2 (6.4) | 53.3 (3.8) | 44.4 (3.6) | 52.1 (5.1) | 50.2 (3.5) | 60.7 (3.3) | 53.3 (4.2) | 49.4 (3.7) | 58.8 (5.2) | 52.7 (1.4) | |
< 5 days per week | 30.3 (6.1) | 42.8 (3.9) | 49.7 (3.6) | 35.7 (5.2) | 37.1 (4.1) | 21.8 (2.8) | 36.1 (4.1) | 41.4 (3.7) | 26.4 (5.2) | 37.6 (1.4) | |
≥ 5 days per week | 3.5 (2.1) | 3.8 (1.2) | 5.8 (1.4) | 12.3 (3.6) | 12.7 (3.0) | 17.5 (2.6) | 10.7 (2.2) | 9.2 (2.4) | 14.8 (4.1) | 9.7(0.8) | |
Work hours | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
≤ 40 hours per week | 48.8 (6.5) | 41.0 (3.6) | 42.6 (3.3) | 28.5 (4.7) | 28.3 (3.9) | 37.8 (4.4) | 25.6 (2.9) | 23.6 (3.2) | 39.4 (4.8) | 34.4 (1.3) | |
> 40 hours per week | 51.2 (6.5) | 59.0 (3.6) | 57.4 (3.3) | 71.5 (4.7) | 71.7 (3.9) | 62.2 (4.4) | 74.4 (2.9) | 76.4 (3.2) | 60.6 (4.8) | 65.6 (1.3) | |
Work schedule pattern | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
Day | 92.0 (4.5) | 81.7 (2.5) | 90.9 (2.2) | 48.6 (5.7) | 84.8 (3.0) | 99.8 (0.2) | 87.2 (3.5) | 72.9 (3.3) | 68.5 (4.1) | 82.2 (1.2) | |
Night/overnight | 3.7 (2.0) | 13.6 (2.3) | 2.6 (1.1) | 26.3 (5.3) | 14.2 (3.0) | 0.1 (0.1) | 2.0 (1.3) | 8.7 (2.0) | 11.3 (2.8) | 8.6 (0.8) | |
Shift | 0.0 | 1.5 (0.9) | 5.2 (1.9) | 15.5 (4.1) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.0 | 8.4 (2.7) | 11.3 (2.5) | 19.4 (3.2) | 6.3 (0.8) | |
Others | 4.2 (4.1) | 3.2 (1.0) | 1.3 (0.7) | 9.6 (2.7) | 0.7 (0.5) | 0.1 (0.1) | 2.4 (2.0) | 7.1 (2.2) | 0.8 (0.7) | 2.9 (0.5) | |
BMI category | 0.230 | ||||||||||
Normal/underweight | 55.2 (7.6) | 56.6 (3.0) | 58.1 (3.5) | 60.5 (5.8) | 62.8 (4.2) | 68.5 (3.5) | 61.4 (3.3) | 62.2 (3.7) | 67.0 (4.5) | 61.3 (1.4) | |
Overweight | 37.5 (6.4) | 39.3 (2.9) | 36.4 (3.6) | 37.7 (5.7) | 30.5 (3.7) | 30.8 (3.4) | 35.2 (3.2) | 33.5 (3.6) | 30.1 (4.5) | 34.7 (1.3) | |
Obese | 7.3 (3.7) | 4.1 (1.3) | 5.5 (1.7) | 1.8 (1.3) | 6.7 (2.0) | 0.7 (0.5) | 3.4 (1.5) | 4.3 (1.5) | 2.9 (1.4) | 3.9 (0.6) |