Table 3 The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome according to demographic characteristics

Age group

  20–29 years

152/1,942,533

9.2 (4.1–14.3)

231/1,733,502

3.5 (0.7–6.2)

  30–39 years

428/3,276,013

17.8 (13.5–22.1)

291/1,634,571

5.5 (2.0–9.0)

  40–49 years

477/3,659,709

25.9 (21.3–30.4)

371/2,433,142

12.5 (8.2–16.8)

  50–59 years

392/2,681,787

35.7 (30.2–41.2)

374/1,891,022

30.8 (25.2–36.5)

  60–69 years

297/1,176,249

36.4 (29.5–43.3)

188/758,966

38.0 (30.1–45.8)

  ≥ 70 years

113/415,885

17.4 (9.1–25.8)

93/373,407

53.5 (43.5–63.4)

Education

  ≤ Elementary school

262/1,377,314

28.7 (21.5–35.8)

407/1,912,522

40.9 (35.6–46.2)

  Middle school

218/1,385,292

35.9 (29.0–42.8)

175/989,224

24.4 (16.6–32.3)

  High school

637/5,078,713

20.1 (16.4–23.7)

491/3,089796

9.3 (6.1–12.5)

  ≥ University

742/5,310,859

23.6 (19.9–27.4)

481/2,833,069

7.6 (4.2–11.1)

Household income

  Low

224/1,362,396

25.9 (18.9–32.9)

239/1,171,008

35.3(28.6–41.9)

  Low–middle

476/3,488,782

21.4 (16.9–25.8)

366/2,177,822

19.8 (15.3–24.2)

  Middle–high

568/4,173,072

23.8 (19.4–28.2)

448/2,712,764

14.3 (10.7–18.0)

  High

575/4,051,739

25.5 (21.1–29.9)

481/2,648,160

10.4 (7.1–13.7)

High–risk drinking

  Never

275/1,681,687

14.7 (9.6–19.9)

473/2,633,998

15.4 (11.2–19.7)

  Once a month

644/4,713,082

21.2 (17.4–24.9)

494/2,956,125

12.8 (9.3–16.4)

  Once a weak

490/3,727,662

26.0 (21.6–30.4)

130/932,867

17.4 (9.6–25.2)

  Everyday

226/1,602,909

38.1 (30.7–45.5)

23/152,018

31.1 (8.8–53.4)

Smoking status

  Non–smoker

320/2,194,133

19.5 (14.4–24.5)

1,394/7,721,944

17.5 (14.9–20.2)

  Ex–smoker

697/4,369,598

27.0 (22.9–31.0)

81/546,406

16.0 (7.0–25.0)

  Current smoker

841/6,585,245

23.7 (20.1–27.3)

78/547,078

15.8 (6.7–24.9)

Vigorous physical activity

  None

1,035/6,872,680

25.0 (21.9–28.1)

1,144/6,444,936

17.8 (14.4–20.7)

  < 5 days per week

659/4,976,027

23.7 (19.5–28.0)

293/1,726,743

17.3 (12.5–22.2)

  ≥ 5 days per week

164/1,300,269

20.2 (12.7–27.8)

115/633,191

14.8 (7.9–21.7)

Work hours

  ≤ 40 hours per week

666/4,555,070

22.5 (18.6–26.5)

819/4,514,730

17.3 (13.9–20.7)

  > 40 hours per week

1,193/8,597,108

24.9 (21.8–28.0)

735/4,309,882

17.3 (14.3–20.4)

Work schedule pattern

  Day working

1,526/10,805,797

24.5 (21.9–271)

1,312/7,305,852

18.3 (15.4–21.2)

  Non–day working

328/2,319,154

22.0 (16.6–27.4)

238/1,501,207

12.4 (6.8–18.1)

BMI category

  Underweight

40/272,239

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

85/539,963

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

  Normal

1,099/7,673,502

12.9 (10.3–15.4)

1,053/6,039,293

9.4 (7.5–11.4)

  Overweight

654/4,672,170

39.1 (34.3–43.9)

350/1,858,859

41.9 (35.7–48.1)

  Obese

61/500,005

68.3 (54.1–82.5)

65/384,483

46.1 (32.3–59.9)