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Table 2 Comparisons of pure tone audiometry threshold according to smoking status after adjusting for confounding variables

From: Relationship of cigarette smoking and hearing loss in workers exposed to occupational noise

Frequency

Non-smoker *(n = 2,270)

Ex-smoker *(n = 2,680)

Current smoker *(n = 3,593)

p value †

Post-hoc comparison

1 kHz

15.9 (15.47–16.37)

15.9 (15.51–16.34)

16.5 (16.10–16.83)

0.098

-

2 kHz

18.8 (18.24–19.35)

18.6 (18.04–19.07)

19.6 (19.11–20.01)

0.012

a,b < c

3 kHz

26.5 (25.81–27.22)

27.0 (26.36–27.67)

28.0 (27.43–28.58)

0.005

a,b < c

4 kHz

32.1 (31.30–32.80)

32.5 (31.84–33.24)

33.9 (33.34–34.55)

<0.001

a,b < c

  1. mean (95% confidence interval), dBHL.
  2. * a: Non-smoker, b: Ex-smoker, c: Current smoker.
  3. † p-value was calculated by ANCOVA and adjusted for age, working period, noise level, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, hemoglobin.