From: The Association between Long Working Hours and Self-Rated Health
Variables | Total | Weekly working hours | p-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤40 | 40 < × ≤ 52 | 52 < × ≤ 60 | >60 | ||||
n(%*) | %†| %†| %†| %†| |||
Age | Mean ± SD‡ | 40.0 ± 10.0 | 41.5 ± 10.2 | 40.8 ± 9.9 | 40.8 ± 9.9 | 41.1 ± 9.9 | 0.479§ |
(years) | 25-34 | 759(31.6) | 27.3 | 40.7 | 20.5 | 11.5 | 0.811∥ |
35-44 | 786(32.8) | 27.0 | 40.8 | 21.4 | 10.8 | ||
45-54 | 566(23.6) | 31.5 | 36.7 | 20.5 | 11.3 | ||
55-64 | 289(12.0) | 30.1 | 39.5 | 19.7 | 10.7 | ||
Marital status | Never married | 520(21.7) | 28.3 | 41.9 | 20.0 | 9.8 | 0.196∥ |
Married | 1,766(73.6) | 28.4 | 39.7 | 20.6 | 11.3 | ||
Others | 114(4.7) | 31.6 | 28.1 | 25.4 | 14.9 | ||
Educational status | ≤Junior high school | 304(12.7) | 34.2 | 29.6 | 22.7 | 13.5 | <0.001∥ |
High school | 819(34.1) | 25.8 | 37.6 | 23.8 | 12.8 | ||
≥College | 1,277(53.2) | 28.9 | 43.4 | 18.2 | 9.5 | ||
Household income (KRW/month)¶ | Mean ± SD‡ | 207.7 ± 260.5 | 224.6 ± 302.9 | 214.4 ± 273.7 | 190.1 ± 209.4 | 173.6 ± 155.4 | <0.001** |
Occupation | Non-manual | 1,097(45.7) | 29.4 | 44.0 | 17.6 | 9.0 | <0.001∥ |
Manual | 1,303(54.3) | 27.8 | 36.0 | 23.3 | 12.9 | ||
Employment type | Regular worker | 1,879(78.3) | 27.0 | 41.0 | 20.6 | 11.4 | 0.008∥ |
Irregular worker | 521(21.7) | 34.0 | 34.7 | 21.3 | 10.0 | ||
Shift work | No | 2,110(87.9) | 29.3 | 39.8 | 20.4 | 10.5 | 0.011∥ |
Yes | 290(12.1) | 22.8 | 38.6 | 22.8 | 15.8 | ||
Tenure | Mean ± SD‡ | 7.06 ± 7.58 | 7.46 ± 7.77 | 7.40 ± 7.99 | 6.42 ± 6.96 | 6.00 ± 6.48 | 0.122** |
(years) | ≤1 | 567(23.6) | 27.3 | 40.4 | 21.2 | 11.1 | 0.015∥ |
1 < × ≤ 10 | 1,288(53.7) | 28.2 | 37.7 | 21.4 | 12.7 | ||
>10 | 545(22.7) | 30.5 | 43.5 | 18.7 | 7.3 | ||
Smoking | No | 1,012(42.2) | 30.1 | 41.7 | 19.0 | 9.2 | 0.008∥ |
Yes | 1,388(57.8) | 27.3 | 38.2 | 22.0 | 12.5 | ||
Alcohol consumption | No | 370(15.4) | 27.3 | 44.1 | 18.6 | 10.0 | 0.291∥ |
Yes | 2,030(84.6) | 28.7 | 38.9 | 21.1 | 11.3 | ||
Exercise | No | 1,721(71.7) | 27.6 | 37.6 | 22.3 | 12.5 | <0.001∥ |
Yes | 679(28.3) | 30.8 | 44.9 | 16.6 | 7.7 |