Table 2 Vitamin D status according to variables (Male)
Vitamin D (ng/ml) | Vitamin D | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≥20 ng/ml | <20 ng/ml | ||||||
Mean (S.E)° | N§ | %(S.E) | N | %(S.E) | |||
Total | 17.8(0.175) | 7434830 | 30.5(1.3) | 16921262 | 69.5(1.3) | ||
Age (years) | 20-29 | 16.7(0.314) | 1204327 | 22.8(2.6) | 4068221 | 77.2(2.6) | <0.001 |
30-39 | 17.3(0.240) | 2139963 | 27.5(1.9) | 5636522 | 72.5(1.9) | ||
40-49 | 18.3(0.284) | 2230488 | 34.0(2.4) | 4330483 | 66.0(2.4) | ||
50-65 | 19.2(0.291) | 1860052 | 39.2(2.3) | 2886036 | 60.8(2.3) | ||
Body mass index (BMI) (n = 5393) | <23 | 17.7(0.248) | 2706131 | 29.7(1.8) | 6390223 | 70.3(1.8) | 0.711 |
23-25 | 18.1(0.250) | 1959023 | 31.9(2.2) | 4177771 | 68.1(2.2) | ||
≥25 | 17.8(0.229) | 2769676 | 30.7(1.9) | 6263714 | 69.3(1.9) | ||
Dietary supplementation (n = 4590) | Yes | 18.4(0.226) | 3515136 | 35.1(2.0) | 8538062 | 64.9(2.0) | 0.015 |
No | 17.6(0.226) | 2489982 | 29.2(1.7) | 4608936 | 70.8(1.7) | ||
Physical activity | Yes | 18.8(0.463) | 942016 | 38.5(3.7) | 1501849 | 61.5(3.7) | 0.17 |
No | 17.7(0.178) | 6492814 | 29.6(1.4) | 15419414 | 70.4(1.6) | ||
Drinking | Yes | 17.8(0.177) | 5860951 | 30.6(1.4) | 13320375 | 69.4(1.4) | 0.958 |
No | 17.7(0.348) | 1573879 | 30.4(2.6) | 3600887 | 69.6(2.6) | ||
Smoking status | None/ex-smoker | 17.9(0.194) | 3787159 | 30.7(1.6) | 8534766 | 69.3(1.6) | 0.828 |
Current smoker | 17.7(0.228) | 3647671 | 30.3(1.7) | 8386496 | 69.3(1.7) | ||
Marital status | Married | 18.3(0.186) | 5891190 | 33.7(1.5) | 11592550 | 66.3(1.5) | <0.001 |
Unmarried | 16.6(0.281) | 1543640 | 22.5(2.0) | 5328712 | 77.5(2.0) | ||
Income (quartile) | Low | 18.1(0.541) | 549598 | 34.8(4.8) | 1027913 | 65.2(4.8) | 0.546 |
Middle low | 18.0(0.299) | 2183872 | 31.9(2.4) | 4670497 | 68.1(2.4) | ||
Middle high | 17.6(0.232) | 2641618 | 29.9(1.8) | 6183484 | 70.1(1.8) | ||
High | 17.9(0.228) | 2059742 | 29.0(1.8) | 5039367 | 71.0(1.8) | ||
Education | Less than elementary school | 19.1(0.682) | 359510 | 40.1(6.2) | 536938 | 59.9(6.2) | <0.001 |
Middle school | 19.4(0.523) | 600130 | 43.6(4.3) | 777380 | 56.4(4.3) | ||
High school | 18.3(0.296) | 2782314 | 34.8(2.1) | 5208570 | 65.2(2.1) | ||
More than college | 17.3(0.189) | 3692876 | 26.2(1.5) | 10398374 | 73.8(1.5) | ||
Shift work | Yes | 17.0(0.316) | 1119179 | 24.4(2.3) | 3458301 | 75.6(2.3) | 0.004 |
No | 18.0(0.185) | 6315651 | 31.9(1.5) | 13462961 | 68.1(1.5) | ||
Stability of work | Permanent worker | 17.6(0.171) | 5746351 | 28.9(1.3) | 14165812 | 71.1(1.3) | 0.003 |
Temporary worker | 18.8(0.379) | 1688479 | 38.0(3.2) | 2755451 | 62.0(3.2) | ||
Employment type | Part-time worker | 17.8(0.542) | 493566 | 28.4(4.3) | 1245957 | 71.6(4.3) | 0.593 |
Full-time worker | 17.8(0.174) | 6941264 | 30.7(1.3) | 15675306 | 69.3(1.3) | ||
Occupation | Office worker | 17.3(0.192) | 2918874 | 26.2(1.6) | 8205357 | 73.8(1.6) | <0.001 |
Service worker | 17.1(0.375) | 768684 | 26.2(3.4) | 2164465 | 73.8(3.4) | ||
Manufacturing worker | 18.6(0.273) | 3747272 | 36.4(2.0) | 6551440 | 63.6(2.0) | ||
Working hours/week | <40 | 17.9(0.365) | 1188552 | 31.4(2.7) | 2595496 | 68.6(2.7) | 0.874 |
40-52 | 17.7(0.211) | 3820692 | 29.8(1.7) | 9001176 | 70.2(1.7) | ||
52-60 | 18.0(0.379) | 942670 | 32.3(3.4) | 1976736 | 67.7(3.4) | ||
≥60 | 17.9(0.290) | 1482916 | 30.7(2.5) | 3347854 | 69.3(2.5) | ||