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Table 1 Differences between those who concealed or did not conceal their emotions at work

From: The association between concealing emotions at work and medical utilization in Korea

Variables

Concealing emotions at work N(%)

Yes

No

P-value

Gender

Male

1454 (52.6)

2383 (55.0)

0.051

 

Female

1309 (47.4)

1948 (45.0)

 

Age

20 ~ 29

455 (16.5)

713 (16.5)

0.404

 

30 ~ 39

910 (32.9)

1349 (31.1)

 
 

40 ~ 49

961 (34.8)

1575 (36.4)

 
 

50 ~ 54

437 (15.8)

694 (16.0)

 

Alcohol intake*

Heavy drinking

498 (18.0)

787 (18.2)

0.884

 

Moderate drinking

1369 (49.6)

2121 (49.0)

 
 

Non-drinking

893 (32.4)

1420 (32.8)

 

Smoking†

Current

875 (31.7)

1346 (31.1)

0.612

 

Never or past

1885 (68.3)

2982 (68.9)

 

BMI‡

Low

123 ( 4.5)

187 ( 4.4)

0.816

 

Normal

1756 (63.9)

2716 (63.3)

 
 

Obese

869 (31.6)

1387 (32.3)

 

Work type

Paid worker

1797 (65.1)

2883 (66.6)

0.199

 

Self-employed

964 (34.9)

1446 (33.4)

 

Work schedule

Shift worker

616 (22.3)

769 (17.8)

<0.001

 

Day worker

2141 (77.7)

3552 (82.2)

 

Married

Yes

2243 (81.6)

3491 (81.2)

0.700

 

No

507 (18.4)

810 (18.8)

 

Region

Urban

1280 (46.3)

1897 (43.8)

0.039

 

Rural

1483 (53.7)

2434 (56.2)

 

Income§

High

1406 (51.6)

2224 (52.1)

0.675

 

Low

1320 (48.4)

2043 (47.9)

 

Education||

Middle school or lower

513 (18.6)

774 (17.9)

0.736

 

High school

1167 (42.2)

1857 (42.9)

 
 

College or higher

1083 (39.2)

1699 (39.2)

 

Public insurance

National health insurance

2703 (98.2)

4233 (98.4)

0.084

 

National medical protection

43 ( 1.6)

68 ( 1.6)

 
 

Nothing

5 ( 0.2)

1 ( 0.0)

 

Additional private insurance

Yes

2284 (84.4)

3567 (84.3)

0.967

 

No

423 (15.6)

664 (15.7)

 

Chronic Disease

Yes

1384 (50.1)

1896 (43.8)

<0.001

 

No

1379 (49.9)

2435 (56.2)

 

Hospitalization

Yes

267 ( 9.7)

333 ( 7.7)

0.004

 

No

2494 (90.3)

3994 (92.3)

 

Outpatients visits

Yes

684 (24.8)

953 (22.0)

0.008

 

No

2077 (75.2)

3377 (78.0)

 

Pharmaceutical drug use

Yes

782 (28.3)

1100 (25.4)

0.008

 

No

1981 (71.7)

3230 (74.6)

 
  1. *Heavy drinkers were those who consumed an average of ≥7 units of alcohol for men and ≥5 units for women ≥ 2 days/week. Moderate drinkers included those who consumed more than one glass of alcohol per month over the past year, and non-drinkers included those who never drink or drank less than one glass of alcohol per month over the past year.
  2. †Current smokers or never/past smokers.
  3. ‡Body mass index (BMI) was categorized into three groups as low weight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 18.5–25 kg/m2), and obese (BMI > 25 kg/m2).
  4. §Household income was estimated using the quadrants provided by the KNHANES and relabeled as high and low, which includes the top two an bottom two quadrants, respectively.
  5. ||Education was divided among those who only completed middle school or less, those who only graduated from high school or completed some high school, and those who attended college or higher.
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

ISSN: 2052-4374

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