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Table 2 Comparison of the working conditions and environments between paid and self-employed workers n (%)

From: Presenteeism among self-employed workers: Korean working conditions survey

 

Paid workers

Self-employed workers

P-value*

Presenteeism

  

<0.001

 Yes

7180 (20.6)

2485 (28.9)

 

 No

27603 (79.4)

6124 (71.1)

 

Subjective health status

 Good

33772 (97.1)

7879 (91.5)

<0.001

 Bad

1011 (2.9)

731 (8.5)

 

Working condition

Average hours worked per week

 <40

3428 (9.9)

1263 (14.7)

<0.001

 40-48

18507 (53.2)

1525 (17.7)

 

 49-60

9734 (28.0)

3101 (36.0)

 

 ≥61

3114 (9.0)

2720 (31.6)

 

Satisfaction of working conditions

 Good

25422 (73.1)

5805 (67.4)

<0.001

 Bad

9361 (26.9)

2804 (32.6)

 

Working environments

Physical factors

 Noise requiring workers to speak in loud voice

  Yes

7793 (22.4)

1831 (21.3)

0.023

 High temperatures causing perspiration even not working

  Yes

6262 (18.0)

2506 (29.1)

<0.001

Chemical factors

 Inhaling vapors such as solvents and thinners

  Yes

2196 (6.3)

444 (5.2)

<0.001

 Handling or being in skin contact with chemical products or substances

  Yes

2551 (7.3)

970 (11.3)

<0.001

Ergonomic factors

 Working in tiring or painful positions

  Yes

17427 (50.1)

5503 (63.9)

<0.001

 Lifting or moving people

  Yes

3269 (9.4)

746 (8.7)

0.036

 Carrying or moving heavy loads

  Yes

12041 (34.6)

4736 (55.0)

<0.001

 Standing or walking for extended periods of time

  Yes

21077 (60.6)

6052 (70.3)

<0.001

 Repetitive hand or arm movements

  Yes

23516 (67.6)

6397 (74.3)

<0.001

Emotional factors

 Working with angry customers, passengers, pupils, patients, etc.

  Yes

5583 (16.1)

1296 (15.1)

0.023

 Having to hide your feelings at work

 Yes

22008 (63.3)

5197 (60.4)

<0.001

  1. *Calculated using the chi-square test.