Table 1 Urine cotinine levels in non-smoking workers, 2009-2011

Total

2,475

739

2.91

(2.69-3.14)

841

2.12

(1.95-2.31)

895

1.31

(1.22-1.39)

2.72

(54.1)

−0.403

0.028

<0.001

Sex

Male

1,132

303

3.10

(2.76-3.47)

398

2.06

(1.83-2.32)

431

1.36

(1.24-1.49)

2.75

(53.6)

−0.412

0.040

<0.001

Female

1,343

436

2.79

(2.51-3.08)

443

2.18

(1.94-2.46)

464

1.26

(1.15-1.38)

2.72

(54.9)

−0.399

0.038

<0.001

Age (yr)

≤29

199

58

2.52

(1.85-3.43)

67

2.25

(1.69-2.99)

74

1.23

(0.94-1.61)

2.40

(53.1)

−0.368

0.104

<0.001

30-39

420

130

2.87

(2.35-3.50)

141

1.98

(1.64-2.40)

149

1.44

(1.19-1.73)

2.40

(48.6)

−0.345

0.069

<0.001

40-49

639

184

3.11

(2.66-3.63)

203

2.56

(2.21-2.97)

252

1.23

(1.08-1.41)

3.12

(60.4)

−0.476

0.052

<0.001

50-59

689

189

3.10

(2.65-3.62)

231

2.02

(1.75-2.32)

269

1.32

(1.16-1.50)

2.97

(55.0)

−0.426

0.052

<0.001

≥60

528

178

2.70

(2.29-3.17)

199

1.91

(1.64-2.23)

151

1.32

(1.11-1.58)

2.34

(49.3)

−0.355

0.061

<0.001

Residential type

Detached

972

276

3.12

(2.75-3.54)

331

2.43

(2.17-2.73)

365

1.35

(1.21-1.51)

2.89

(56.7)

−0.428

0.043

<0.001

Tenement

509

129

3.01

(2.45-3.66)

181

2.65

(2.23-3.14)

199

1.59

(1.35-1.87)

2.57

(48.0)

−0.333

0.065

<0.001

Apartment complex

994

334

2.65

(2.35-2.99)

329

1.73

(1.53-1.96)

331

1.15

(1.02-1.30)

2.54

(53.5)

−0.419

0.044

<0.001

Alcohol consumption

No

1,028

298

2.87

(2.53-3.25)

379

1.93

(1.72-2.16)

351

1.20

(1.06-1.34)

2.92

(59.4)

−0.439

0.044

<0.001

Yes

1,447

441

2.94

(2.62-3.26)

462

2.30

(2.08-2.54)

544

1.38

(1.26-1.52)

2.60

(50.9)

−0.381

0.035

<0.001

NCHS^c occup ational categories

White-collar

789

235

2.61

(2.26-3.00)

271

1.76

(1.51-2.05)

283

1.13

(1.00-1.27)

2.77

(58.3)

−0.419

0.050

<0.001

Service

512

167

3.11

(2.67-3.62)

153

2.38

(1.97-2.87)

192

1.45

(1.25-1.69)

2.43

(46.6)

−0.383

0.057

<0.001

Farm worker

471

147

2.96

(2.44-3.57)

164

2.18

(1.81-2.63)

160

1.18

(1.00-1.39)

3.36

(61.5)

−0.461

0.065

<0.001

Blue-collar

703

190

3.10

(2.07-3.57)

253

2.38

(2.04-2.76)

260

1.50

(1.34-1.69)

2.43

(50.0)

−0.368

0.050

<0.001

KSCO^d

Managers

49

10

3.08

(1.20-7.87)

18

1.43

(0.70-2.91)

21

1.31

(0.88-1.95)

6.03

(77.5)

−0.379

0.223

0.095

Professionals and related workers

389

118

2.36

(1.96-2.85)

146

1.77

(1.42-2.21)

125

1.11

(0.92-1.33)

1.82

(45.8)

−0.381

0.075

<0.001

Clerks

351

107

2.86

(2.30-3.55)

107

1.80

(1.43-2.27)

137

1.13

(0.95-1.34)

3.47

(65.0)

−0.466

0.071

<0.001

Service workers

247

88

3.05

(2.44-3.80)

77

2.46

(1.91-3.17)

82

1.75

(1.37-2.24)

2.05

(36.8)

−0.275

0.083

<0.01

Sales workers

265

79

3.19

(2.60-3.91)

76

2.30

(1.73-3.07)

110

1.26

(1.04-1.53)

2.59

(53.6)

−0.469

0.078

<0.001

Skilled agricultural forestry, and fishery workers

471

147

2.96

(2.44-3.57)

164

2.18

(1.81-2.63)

160

1.18

(1.01-1.39)

3.36

(61.5)

−0.461

0.065

<0.001

Craft and related trades workers

215

45

3.43

(2.63-4.46)

83

2.65

(2.03-3.44)

87

1.32

(1.09-1.60)

2.87

(59.7)

−0.507

0.092

<0.001

Plant and machine operators and assemblers

211

47

3.05

(2.27-4.12)

71

2.38

(1.77-3.19)

93

1.87

(1.52-2.30)

1.59

(33.2)

−0.246

0.096

<0.05

Elementary occupations

277

98

2.99

(2.44-3.66)

99

2.17

(1.71-2.76)

80

1.35

(1.11-1.65)

2.85

(57.8)

−0.395

0.079

<0.001