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Table 2 Results of trend tests between heart rate variability items and occupational physical activity according to age and exercise frequency

From: Effects of high occupational physical activity, aging, and exercise on heart rate variability among male workers

   

SDNN

rMSSD

LF

HF

LF:HF

   

low

normal

low

normal

low

normal

low

normal

low

normal

  

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

Age (years)

OPA

                    
 

< 45

Low

16

20.3

63

79.8

5

6.3

74

93.7

18

22.8

61

77.2

8

10.1

71

89.9

23

29.1

56

70.9

  

High

8

23.5

26

76.5

2

5.9

32

94.1

11

32.4

23

67.7

4

11.8

30

88.2

12

35.3

22

64.7

  

p-value

0.3481

0.464

0.1428

0.3977

0.2573

 

≥45

Low

4

30.8

9

69.2

0

0.0

13

100.0

5

38.5

8

61.5

1

7.7

12

92.3

9

69.2

4

30.8

  

High

4

80.0

1

20.0

3

60.0

2

40.0

4

80.0

1

20.0

3

60.0

2

40.0

1

20.0

4

80.0

  

p-value

0.0299

0.0011

0.0572

0.0084

0.0299

Exercise (times/ week)

 

≥ 3

Low

6

24.0

19

76.0

0

0.0

25

100.0

8

32.0

17

68.0

2

8.0

23

92.0

10

40.0

15

60.0

  

High

3

25.0

9

75.0

2

16.7

10

83.3

4

33.3

8

66.7

2

16.7

10

83.3

6

50.0

6

50.0

  

p-value

0.4735

0.0179

0.4677

0.2134

0.2827

 

1–2

Low

9

20.9

34

79.1

3

7.0

40

93.0

11

25.6

32

74.4

5

11.6

38

88.4

15

34.9

28

65.1

  

High

5

29.4

12

70.6

1

5.9

16

94.1

5

29.4

12

70.6

1

5.9

16

94.1

6

35.3

11

64.7

  

p-value

0.2420

0.4391

0.3812

0.2519

0.4880

 

0

Low

4

25.0

12

75.0

2

12.5

14

87.5

4

25.0

12

75.0

1

6.3

15

93.8

6

37.5

10

62.5

  

High

2

33.3

4

66.7

2

33.3

4

66.7

4

66.7

2

33.3

3

50.0

3

50.0

0

0.0

6

100.0

  

p-value

0.3479

0.1296

0.0352

0.0089

0.0393

  1. SDNN the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals, rMSSD the root-mean square of the difference of successive normal R-R intervals, LF low frequency band power, HF high frequency band power, LF:HF ratio of low-frequency power to high-frequency power, OPA occupational physical activity