Table 1 General characteristics of the subjects
Male (N = 1715) | Female (N = 1237) | Total (N = 2952) | p-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age group (years) | 20-29 | 69 (1.9) | 61 (2.9) | 130 (2.2) | <0.001 |
30-39 | 215 (17.5) | 334 (35.6) | 549 (23.5) | ||
40-49 | 596 (36.2) | 318 (22.0) | 914 (31.5) | ||
50-59 | 509 (29.5) | 326 (25.8) | 835 (28.3) | ||
60-65 | 326 (14.9) | 198 (13.7) | 524 (14.5) | ||
Education | ≤Middle school | 210 (10.8) | 260 (17.4) | 470 (13.0) | <0.001 |
High school | 579 (36.4) | 389 (34.0) | 968 (35.6) | ||
≥College | 926 (52.8) | 588 (48.5) | 1514 (51.4) | ||
Income | First quartile | 285 (18.3) | 244 (19.7) | 529 (18.7) | 0.388 |
Second quartile | 431 (26.1) | 284 (22.9) | 715 (25.0) | ||
Third quartile | 490 (27.4) | 322 (28.1) | 812 (27.6) | ||
Forth quartile | 509 (28.2) | 387 (29.3) | 896 (28.6) | ||
Marital status | Single | 251 (19.9) | 345 (35.3) | 2356 (75.0) | <0.001 |
Married | 1464 (80.1) | 892 (64.7) | 596 (25.0) | ||
Alcohol intake | None or social | 1288 (75.0) | 1177 (94.3) | 2465 (81.4) | <0.001 |
Moderate or heavy | 427 (25.0) | 60 (5.7) | 487 (18.6) | ||
Smoking | Never-smoker | 355 (21.0) | 1123 (89.2) | 1478 (43.6) | <0.001 |
Ex-smoker | 575 (31.0) | 62 (6.2) | 637 (22.8) | ||
Current smoker | 785 (47.9) | 52 (4.6) | 837 (33.6) | ||
Energy intake (kcal/day) | <2000 | 461 (25.7) | 204 (16.6) | 665 (22.7) | <0.001 |
2000-2499 | 543 (32.4) | 896 (71.1) | 1439 (45.3) | ||
≥2500 | 711 (41.8) | 136 (12.2) | 847 (32.0) | ||
Physical activity | Light | 599 (34.4) | 488 (38.3) | 1087 (35.7) | <0.001 |
Moderate | 541 (31.3) | 443 (36.6) | 984 (33.0) | ||
Vigorous | 575 (34.3) | 306 (25.1) | 881 (31.2) | ||
Sleep hours per day | <7 | 735 (43.1) | 477 (39.2) | 1212 (41.8) | 0.072 |
≥7 | 980 (56.9) | 760 (60.8) | 1740 (58.2) | ||
Stress | Feel less | 1228 (71.5) | 807 (64.0) | 2035 (69.0) | 0.001 |
Feel more | 487 (28.5) | 430 (36.0) | 917 (31.0) | ||
Menopausal status | Premenopausal | - | 993 (83.2) | 993 (83.2) | |
Postmenopausal | - | 244 (16.8) | 244 (16.8) | ||
Work hours per week | <40 | 139 (7.5) | 192 (13.9) | 331 (9.6) | <0.001 |
40-48 | 833 (47.7) | 702 (57.0) | 1535 (50.8) | ||
49-60 | 564 (33.6) | 259 (22.7) | 823 (30.0) | ||
>60 | 179 (11.2) | 84 (6.4) | 263 (9.6) | ||
Stability of work | Temporary worker | 198 (12.0) | 242 (18.7) | 440(14.2) | <0.001 |
Permanent worker | 1517 (88.0) | 995 (81.3) | 2512 (85.8) | ||
Type of job | Non-manual | 922 (53.2) | 708 (59.1) | 1630 (55.2) | 0.008 |
Manual | 793 (46.8) | 529 (40.9) | 1322 (44.8) | ||
Work schedule | Shift work | 189 (11.7) | 86 (8.1) | 275 (10.5) | 0.009 |
Day work | 1526 (88.3) | 1151 (91.9) | 2677 (89.5) | ||
Obesity | Non-obese | 1266 (73.5) | 944 (75.8) | 2210 (74.3) | 0.226 |
Obese | 449 (26.5) | 293 (24.2) | 742 (25.7) |