Table 3 Odds ratio and 95 % Confidence intervals of overweight or obese based on BMI and PBF by socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics for women and men
From: Long working hours and overweight and obesity in working adults
BMI (kg/m2) | PBF (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | Men | Women | Men | |||||
Variable | Crude OR | Adjusted OR* | Crude OR | Adjusted OR* | Crude OR | Adjusted OR* | Crude OR | Adjusted OR* |
(95 % CI) | (95 % CI) | (95 % CI) | (95 % CI) | (95 % CI) | (95 % CI) | (95 % CI) | (95 % CI) | |
Socio-demographic factors | ||||||||
Age group | ||||||||
40–49 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
50–59 | 1.54 | 1.47 | 0.82 | 0.66 | 1.81 | 1.96 | 1.19 | 1.41 |
(1.01–2.33) | (0.89–2.42) | (0.47–1.45) | (0.34–1.28) | (1.19–2.76) | (1.18–3.24) | (0.61–2.34) | (0.66–3.02) | |
60+ | 2.05 | 2.49 | 0.64 | 0.48 | 6.56 | 7.37 | 1.26 | 1.65 |
(1.05–4.00) | (1.16–5.33) | (0.31–1.30) | (0.21–1.11) | (2.91–14.81) | (3.06–17.76) | (0.51–3.14) | (0.57–4.76) | |
Marital status | ||||||||
Unmarried | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Married | 0.92 | 0.74 | 1.65 | 1.65 | 0.96 | 1.41 | 0.74 | 0.94 |
(0.26–3.24) | (0.17–3.18) | (0.38–7.06) | (0.35–7.71) | (0.27–3.38) | (0.30–6.65) | (0.09–6.13) | (0.11–8.35) | |
Divorced, Widow/Widower | 1.18 | 0.51 | 1.4 | 0.83 | 1.4 | 0.75 | 0.33 | 0.14 |
(0.27–5.18) | (0.09–2.89) | (0.20–10.03) | (0.09–7.49) | (0.32–6.16) | (0.12–4.7) | (0.03–4.04) | (0.01–2.09) | |
Educational level | ||||||||
Low | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle | 0.59 | 0.72 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.67 | 0.87 | 1.12 | 1.29 |
(0.40–0.88) | (0.45–1.16) | (0.55–1.58) | (0.48–1.59) | (0.45–1.00) | (0.54–1.41) | (0.59–2.14) | (0.64–2.61) | |
High | 0.43 | 0.20 | 2.32 | 2.60 | 0.34 | 0.21 | 1.68 | 1.80 |
(0.17–1.13) | (0.05–0.78) | (0.84–6.45) | (0.81–8.36) | (0.13–0.93) | (0.05–0.85) | (0.54–5.23) | (0.54–6.02) | |
Income (US$/Month) | ||||||||
< 2,000 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
2,000–3,000 | 1.67 | 1.72 | 0.69 | 0.42 | 1.73 | 1.63 | 0.94 | 0.99 |
(0.47–5.93) | (0.41–7.31) | (0.15–3.15) | (0.08–2.33) | (0.48–6.2) | (0.37–7.20) | (0.12–7.52) | (0.11–9.07) | |
≥ 3,000 | 1.31 | 1.29 | 0.72 | 0.40 | 1.07 | 0.82 | 0.57 | 0.41 |
(0.54–3.19) | (0.48–3.48) | (0.23–2.25) | (0.10–1.57) | (0.44–2.58) | (0.30–2.24) | (0.13–2.55) | (0.08–2.03) | |
Lifestyle factors | ||||||||
Smoking | ||||||||
Non-smoker | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Smoker | 2.19 | 1.87 | 1.16 | 1.47 | 2.08 | 1.86 | 1.12 | 1.25 |
(0.74–6.52) | (0.55–6.39) | (0.66–2.02) | (0.77–2.81) | (0.70–6.20) | (0.54–6.43) | (0.57–2.18) | (0.58–2.67) | |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
Non-drinking | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Drinking | 1.23 | 1.39 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 1.15 | 1.44 | 1.21 | 1.70 |
(0.81–1.87) | (0.85–2.25) | (0.48–1.83) | (0.43–1.96) | (0.75–1.74) | (0.88–2.37) | (0.56–2.60) | (0.73–3.93) | |
Working hours | ||||||||
< 9 h/day | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
≥ 9 h/day | 2.28 | 2.42 | 0.68 | 0.46 | 2.19 | 2.50 | 0.78 | 0.63 |
(1.14–4.59) | (1.05–5.57) | (0.40–1.16) | (0.24–0.87) | (1.09–4.39) | (1.07–5.79) | (0.41–1.48) | (0.30–1.32) | |
Occupational sitting time | ||||||||
< 4 h/day | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
≥ 4 h/day | 1.29 | 0.96 | 1.04 | 1.16 | 1.26 | 0.98 | 0.85 | 0.91 |
(0.85–1.96) | (0.53–1.76) | (0.61–1.77) | (0.63–2.12) | (0.78–2.06) | (0.53–1.83) | (0.46–1.57) | (0.45–1.85) | |
Regular exercise | ||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 1.26 | 1.04 | 1.17 | 1.31 | 0.91 | 0.81 | 0.95 | 0.89 |
(0.85–1.88) | (0.65–1.66) | (0.70–1.97) | (0.74–2.33) | (0.61–1.35) | (0.5–1.32) | (0.51–1.79) | (0.46–1.74) | |
Sleeping hours | ||||||||
> 9 h/day | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
≤ 9 h/day | 0.61 | 0.66 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 0.61 | 0.65 | 0.95 | 0.79 |
(0.40–0.95) | (0.40–1.09) | (0.59–1.85) | (0.56–1.99) | (0.39–0.94) | (0.39–1.10) | (0.48–1.88) | (0.39–1.63) | |