Table 1 General characteristics of the study population
Variables | Total | Male | Female | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
na | nb(%c) | na | nb(%c) | na | nb(%c) | ||
Total | 1628 | 3780449(100.0) | 768 | 2030862(100.0) | 860 | 1749588(100.0) | |
Age (years) | |||||||
Mean ± SE | 40.0 ± 0.3 | 40.3 ± 0.4 | 39.6 ± 0.4 | 0.174 | |||
25–34 | 444 | 1246970(33.0) | 165 | 610588(30.1) | 279 | 636382(36.4) | 0.069 |
35–44 | 603 | 1368113(36.2) | 311 | 791293(39.0) | 292 | 576820(33.0) | |
45–54 | 394 | 858442(22.7) | 193 | 469842(23.1) | 201 | 388600(22.2) | |
55–64 | 187 | 306924(8.1) | 99 | 159138(7.8) | 88 | 147786(8.4) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||
Underweight | 72 | 153504(4.1) | 8 | 20560(1.0) | 64 | 132944(7.6) | <0.001 |
Normal | 1092 | 2480000(65.6) | 454 | 1190804(58.6) | 638 | 1289196(73.7) | |
Obese | 464 | 1146946(30.3) | 306 | 819498(40.4) | 158 | 327448(18.7) | |
Education | |||||||
≤ Middle school | 170 | 362359(9.6) | 58 | 151184(7.4) | 112 | 211175(12.1) | 0.003 |
High school | 564 | 1427402(37.8) | 252 | 725608(35.7) | 312 | 701795(40.1) | |
≥ College | 894 | 1990688(52.7) | 458 | 1154070(56.8) | 436 | 836618(47.8) | |
Marital status | |||||||
Never married | 254 | 753440(19.9) | 82 | 335275(16.5) | 172 | 418165(23.9) | <0.001 |
Married | 1289 | 2817011(74.5) | 672 | 1653806(81.4) | 617 | 1163205(66.5) | |
Others | 85 | 209998(5.6) | 14 | 41780(2.1) | 71 | 168218(9.6) | |
Household income | |||||||
Low | 56 | 162234(4.3) | 19 | 73594(3.6) | 37 | 88640(5.1) | 0.017 |
Mid-low | 381 | 1008432(26.7) | 207 | 621443(30.6) | 174 | 386988(22.1) | |
Mid-high | 576 | 1368482(36.2) | 271 | 720932(35.5) | 305 | 647550(37.0) | |
High | 615 | 1241302(32.8) | 271 | 614892(30.3) | 344 | 626410(35.8) | |
Smoking | |||||||
Non-smoker | 967 | 2044875(54.1) | 181 | 478096(23.5) | 786 | 1566780(89.6) | <0.001 |
Ex-smoker | 267 | 638628(16.9) | 236 | 570841(28.1) | 31 | 67787(3.9) | |
Current smoker | 394 | 1096946(29.0) | 351 | 981925(48.4) | 43 | 115022(6.6) | |
Alcohol | |||||||
None | 269 | 549452(14.5) | 80 | 212616(10.5) | 189 | 336836(19.3) | <0.001 |
Light drinker | 1123 | 2586279(68.4) | 500 | 1290078(63.5) | 623 | 1296201(74.1) | |
Heavy drinker | 236 | 644718(17.1) | 188 | 528167(26.0) | 48 | 116551(6.7) | |
Exercise | |||||||
No | 1335 | 3060829(81.0) | 619 | 1602748(78.9) | 716 | 1458080(83.3) | 0.051 |
Yes | 293 | 719621(19.0) | 149 | 428113(21.1) | 144 | 291507(16.7) | |
Job type | |||||||
Non-manual | 1278 | 2857188(75.6) | 554 | 1401179(69.0) | 724 | 1456009(83.2) | <0.001 |
Manual | 350 | 923262(24.4) | 214 | 629683(31.0) | 136 | 293579(16.8) | |
Shift work | |||||||
No | 1373 | 3172611(83.9) | 646 | 1730392(85.2) | 727 | 1442219(82.4) | 0.239 |
Yes | 255 | 607838(16.1) | 122 | 300469(14.8) | 133 | 307369(17.6) | |
Weekly working hours | |||||||
Mean ± SE | 47.0 ± 0.3 | 49.2 ± 0.5 | 44.5 ± 0.5 | <0.001 | |||
≤ 40 | 673 | 1460816(38.6) | 243 | 625000(30.8) | 430 | 835816(47.8) | <0.001 |
40 < x ≤ 48 | 401 | 930976(24.6) | 176 | 480684(23.7) | 225 | 450292(25.7) | |
48 < x ≤ 60 | 399 | 1007298(26.6) | 248 | 669145(32.9) | 151 | 338153(19.3) | |
> 60 | 155 | 381360(10.1) | 101 | 256032(12.6) | 54 | 125328(7.2) | |