Variables | Low frequency hearing threshold | High frequency hearing threshold | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normala | Impaireda | Rateb | p-valuec | Normala | Impaireda | Rateb | p-valuec | |
Total | 1943952 | 86909 | 4.3 % | 1450702 | 580160 | 28.6 % | ||
Age | ||||||||
25–34 | 601667 | 8921 | 1.5 % | 0.003 | 536836 | 73752 | 12.1 % | < 0.001 |
35–44 | 767129 | 24164 | 3.1 % | 639708 | 151585 | 19.2 % | ||
45–54 | 433876 | 35966 | 7.7 % | 228438 | 241405 | 51.4 % | ||
55–64 | 141281 | 17857 | 11.2 % | 45720 | 113418 | 71.3 % | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
Underweight | 20560 | 0 | 0.0 % | 0.594 | 14802 | 5759 | 28.0 % | 0.987 |
Normal | 1132208 | 58595 | 4.9 % | 853128 | 337675 | 28.4 % | ||
Obese | 791184 | 28314 | 3.5 % | 582771 | 236726 | 28.9 % | ||
Education | ||||||||
≤ Middle school | 138168 | 13016 | 8.6 % | 0.069 | 76552 | 74632 | 49.4 % | < 0.001 |
High school | 684015 | 41593 | 5.7 % | 449823 | 275785 | 38.0 % | ||
≥ College | 1121769 | 32300 | 2.8 % | 924326 | 229743 | 19.9 % | ||
Marital status | ||||||||
Never married | 330788 | 4487 | 1.3 % | 0.285 | 293642 | 41634 | 12.4 % | 0.001 |
Married | 1571384 | 82422 | 5.0 % | 1137760 | 516046 | 31.2 % | ||
Others | 41780 | 0 | 0.0 % | 19300 | 22480 | 53.8 % | ||
Household income | ||||||||
Low | 72438 | 1156 | 1.6 % | 0.868 | 41672 | 31921 | 43.4 % | 0.503 |
Mid-low | 591940 | 29504 | 4.7 % | 434735 | 186708 | 30.0 % | ||
Mid-high | 690088 | 30844 | 4.3 % | 522569 | 198364 | 27.5 % | ||
High | 589487 | 25406 | 4.1 % | 451726 | 163166 | 26.5 % | ||
Smoking | ||||||||
Non-smoker | 464148 | 13948 | 2.9 % | 0.391 | 373600 | 104496 | 21.9 % | 0.085 |
Ex-smoker | 535904 | 34937 | 6.1 % | 380557 | 190284 | 33.3 % | ||
Current smoker | 943901 | 38024 | 3.9 % | 696544 | 285380 | 29.1 % | ||
Alcohol | ||||||||
None | 200508 | 12108 | 5.7 % | 0.382 | 141176 | 71441 | 33.6 % | 0.608 |
Light drinker | 1246716 | 43362 | 3.4 % | 933381 | 356697 | 27.6 % | ||
Heavy drinker | 496727 | 31440 | 6.0 % | 376145 | 152022 | 28.8 % | ||
Exercise | ||||||||
No | 1539723 | 63025 | 3.9 % | 0.428 | 1173529 | 429219 | 26.8 % | 0.081 |
Yes | 404229 | 23884 | 5.6 % | 277173 | 150940 | 35.3 % | ||
Occupation | ||||||||
Non-manual | 1356037 | 45141 | 3.2 % | 0.060 | 1086389 | 314789 | 22.5 % | < 0.001 |
Manual | 587915 | 41768 | 6.6 % | 364312 | 265371 | 42.1 % | ||
Shift work | ||||||||
No | 1656145 | 74247 | 4.3 % | 0.966 | 1268234 | 462159 | 26.7 % | 0.012 |
Yes | 287807 | 12662 | 4.2 % | 182468 | 118001 | 39.3 % | ||
Weekly working hours | ||||||||
≤ 40 | 600759 | 24241 | 3.9 % | 0.740 | 463403 | 161597 | 25.9 % | 0.226 |
40 < x ≤ 48 | 452960 | 27724 | 5.8 % | 328092 | 152592 | 31.7 % | ||
48 < x ≤ 60 | 646323 | 22822 | 3.4 % | 498059 | 171086 | 25.6 % | ||
> 60 | 243910 | 12122 | 4.7 % | 161147 | 94885 | 37.1 % |