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Table 3 Characteristics by hearing impairment in male subjects

From: The association between long working hours and hearing impairment in noise unexposed workers: data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2012)

Variables

Low frequency hearing threshold

High frequency hearing threshold

Normala

Impaireda

Rateb

p-valuec

Normala

Impaireda

Rateb

p-valuec

Total

1943952

86909

4.3 %

 

1450702

580160

28.6 %

 

Age

 25–34

601667

8921

1.5 %

0.003

536836

73752

12.1 %

< 0.001

 35–44

767129

24164

3.1 %

 

639708

151585

19.2 %

 

 45–54

433876

35966

7.7 %

 

228438

241405

51.4 %

 55–64

141281

17857

11.2 %

 

45720

113418

71.3 %

BMI (kg/m2)

 Underweight

20560

0

0.0 %

0.594

14802

5759

28.0 %

0.987

 Normal

1132208

58595

4.9 %

 

853128

337675

28.4 %

 

 Obese

791184

28314

3.5 %

 

582771

236726

28.9 %

Education

  ≤ Middle school

138168

13016

8.6 %

0.069

76552

74632

49.4 %

< 0.001

 High school

684015

41593

5.7 %

 

449823

275785

38.0 %

 

  ≥ College

1121769

32300

2.8 %

 

924326

229743

19.9 %

Marital status

 Never married

330788

4487

1.3 %

0.285

293642

41634

12.4 %

0.001

 Married

1571384

82422

5.0 %

 

1137760

516046

31.2 %

 

 Others

41780

0

0.0 %

 

19300

22480

53.8 %

Household income

 Low

72438

1156

1.6 %

0.868

41672

31921

43.4 %

0.503

 Mid-low

591940

29504

4.7 %

 

434735

186708

30.0 %

 

 Mid-high

690088

30844

4.3 %

 

522569

198364

27.5 %

 High

589487

25406

4.1 %

 

451726

163166

26.5 %

Smoking

 Non-smoker

464148

13948

2.9 %

0.391

373600

104496

21.9 %

0.085

 Ex-smoker

535904

34937

6.1 %

 

380557

190284

33.3 %

 

 Current smoker

943901

38024

3.9 %

 

696544

285380

29.1 %

Alcohol

 None

200508

12108

5.7 %

0.382

141176

71441

33.6 %

0.608

 Light drinker

1246716

43362

3.4 %

 

933381

356697

27.6 %

 

 Heavy drinker

496727

31440

6.0 %

 

376145

152022

28.8 %

Exercise

 No

1539723

63025

3.9 %

0.428

1173529

429219

26.8 %

0.081

 Yes

404229

23884

5.6 %

 

277173

150940

35.3 %

 

Occupation

 Non-manual

1356037

45141

3.2 %

0.060

1086389

314789

22.5 %

< 0.001

 Manual

587915

41768

6.6 %

 

364312

265371

42.1 %

 

Shift work

 No

1656145

74247

4.3 %

0.966

1268234

462159

26.7 %

0.012

 Yes

287807

12662

4.2 %

 

182468

118001

39.3 %

 

Weekly working hours

  ≤ 40

600759

24241

3.9 %

0.740

463403

161597

25.9 %

0.226

 40 < x ≤ 48

452960

27724

5.8 %

 

328092

152592

31.7 %

 

 48 < x ≤ 60

646323

22822

3.4 %

 

498059

171086

25.6 %

  > 60

243910

12122

4.7 %

 

161147

94885

37.1 %

  1. aestimated population size
  2. bprevalence rate
  3. ctested by chi-square test