Self-resilience as a protective factor against development of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in police officers

Table 1 Association between general characteristics and PTSD symptoms (n = 112)

General characteristics	PTSD symptoms				p-value*
	Yes (n = 18)		No (n = 94)
	n	%	n	%
Age (years)^a	54.44 ± 3.27		54.06 ± 3.28		0.65
Level of education completed
Middle school or below	2	11.11	10	10.64	0.87
High school	8	44.44	36	38.30
College or above	8	44.44	48	51.06
Marital status
Married	16	88.89	85	90.43	0.56
Divorced or widowed	2	11.11	9	9.57
Smoking
Non-smoker	8	44.44	43	45.74	0.76
Ex-smoker	3	16.67	10	10.64
Current smoker	7	38.89	41	43.62
Alcohol drinking frequency (drinks)
None	4	22.22	20	21.28	0.94
≤ 1 per week	5	27.78	23	24.47
≥ 2 per week	9	50.00	51	54.25
Service area (for patrol)
Rural	6	33.33	41	43.62	0.29
Urban	12	66.67	53	56.38
Duration of patrol service (years)
10<	8	44.44	38	40.43	0.95
10–19	4	22.22	22	23.40
≥ 20	6	33.33	34	36.17
Job stress^a	57.25 ± 12.06		45.57 ± 10.91		0.02
Depression
Normal	2	11.11	48	51.06	0.01
Mild	6	33.33	26	27.66
Severe	6	33.33	12	12.77
Very severe	4	22.22	8	8.51
Self-resilience^b
High (CD-RI-K score ≥64.5)	6	33.33	68	72.34	0.00
Low (CD-RI-K score <64.5)	12	66.67	26	27.66
Self resilience^a·^c	51.93 ± 8.21		69.58 ± 8.67		0.00
(Total CD-RI-K score)

Based on a chi-squared test*
^aand two-sample t-test
^bCategorical data 1: Data comparing two groups (64.5 was a standard value)
^cContinuous data 2: Continuous comparison data based on the total score of K-CDRI; higher score means higher resilience

ISSN: 2052-4374