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Table 3 Proportion of aged workers exposed to hazards in different occupations (%)

From: Hazards and health problems in occupations dominated by aged workers in South Korea

Occupation, Korean Standard Classification of Occupations (No. of minor category)

Vibration

Noise

High temperature

Low temperature

Fumes and dust

Solvents

Skin contact with chemicals

Passive smoking

Tiring or painful positions

Lifting or moving people

Carrying or moving heavy loads

Standing long

Repetitive movements

Cleaner and Sanitation Workers (941)

6.1

4.4

28.3

15.0

17.9

2.1

4.0

3.9

43.9

3.4

20.8

66.1

68.1

Guards and Ticket Examiners (942)

1.8

2.5

13.9

8.7

4.8

1.0

1.3

3.0

18.3

4.4

12.2

28.1

19.9

Automobile Drivers (873)

32.0

11.5

12.7

8.2

22.6

3.0

1.9

5.9

53.7

7.8

14.5

13.5

70.6

Elementary Occupations Related to Food(952)

6.1

7.9

21.2

7.3

3.7

1.2

2.4

2.4

46.7

5.5

23.6

72.4

67.9

Clerks Related to Administration (312)

10.5

6.1

6.1

3.4

4.4

1.7

1.4

1.0

13.6

4.4

7.8

15.0

30.4

Service Workers Related to Medical and Welfare (421)

4.0

1.8

7.1

4.9

2.2

0.5

0.9

0.9

30.9

42.0

15.6

30.8

40.5

Elementary Occupations Related to Construction and Mining (910)

47.8

40.2

53.7

25.5

50.2

8.5

6.4

18.3

67.9

8.5

72.2

83.8

69.8

Domestic Chores and Infant Rearing Helpers (951)

1.7

2.2

5.6

5.0

1.1

1.7

1.7

1.1

34.8

32.6

8.4

21.7

35.6

Chefs and Cooks (441)

8.3

9.2

30.7

8.9

7.6

1.0

1.6

1.6

47.5

7.0

24.1

84.2

71.2

Elementary Occupations related to Agriculture and Fishery (991)

6.9

4.6

40.0

13.1

14.6

1.5

2.3

0.8

66.4

3.8

29.0

41.9

78.5

Elementary Occupations Related to Production (930)

36.4

25.6

25.6

10.1

21.7

7.8

7.0

3.1

56.6

6.3

32.0

50.4

85.2

Technical Worker Related to Construction (772)

61.3

45.1

48.6

23.2

51.4

10.6

5.7

24.1

65.3

6.3

58.2

88.0

83.8

Elementary Occupations Related to Other Services (999)

7.9

7.9

11.1

7.9

12.7

0.0

0.0

6.4

30.7

1.6

7.9

65.1

49.2

Store Sales Workers (521)

3.8

6.9

8.8

9.3

5.6

1.3

0.6

1.9

42.6

7.5

24.2

71.6

55.9

Technical Workers Related to Construction Finishing (773)

42.0

36.0

46.0

22.0

50.0

31.0

28.3

27.0

61.0

14.0

52.0

70.0

76.0

Sales Workers (510)

2.1

2.0

4.8

3.4

0.7

0.7

0.0

2.0

9.6

0.0

4.1

21.2

21.9

Administration Clerks (311)

4.0

4.0

9.1

2.6

2.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

15.8

2.6

6.6

13.2

38.2

Religious Professionals and Associate Professionals (248)

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

9.1

0.0

4.6

36.4

27.3

Deliverers (922)

12.3

7.0

26.3

10.5

7.0

0.0

0.0

3.5

38.6

0.0

63.2

56.1

52.6

Teachers (252)

8.2

8.2

9.8

4.9

9.8

0.0

1.6

1.6

19.7

5.0

3.3

88.5

57.4

Workers 55 or older (total)

17.3

13.0

22.9

11.6

16.0

3.6

3.8

5.0

38.4

7.4

23.4

50.7

55.9

Workers younger than 55 (total)

14.6

11.0

11.5

6.9

8.8

2.7

2.9

3.3

27.9

5.1

15.7

41.9

49.9

P-value#

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

  1. #Differences between aged workers (total) and those younger than 55 (total) using a chi-squared test