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Table 1 General characteristics of the study participants

From: Association of arsenobetaine with beta-cell function assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) in nondiabetic Koreans: data from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2009

Variables

Total

Male

Female

p valuea

Number

369

174

195

 

Age, years

42.31 ± 15.18b

41.54 ± 14.62

42.99 ± 15.67

0.361

Height, cm

164.06 ± 9.31

171.28 ± 6.54

157.62 ± 6.14

<0.001

Weight, kg

62.83 ± 11.69

70.14 ± 10.55

56.3 ± 8.32

<0.001

Waist circumference, cm

79.73 ± 9.64

83.37 ± 9.19

76.48 ± 8.85

<0.001

BMI, kg/cm2

23.24 ± 3.22

23.9 ± 3.28

22.66 ± 3.06

<0.001

Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL

92.35 ± 9.09

94.13 ± 9.51

90.76 ± 8.4

<0.001

Blood insulin, mIU/l

9.28 ± 3.68

9.23 ± 4.07

9.32 ± 3.31

0.828

HOMA-β, %

122.67 ± 57.85

114.92 ± 58.62

129.59 ± 56.41

<0.01

Smoking statusc

   

<0.001

 Yes

104 (28.2%)

82 (47.1%)

22 (11.3%)

 

 No

265 (71.8%)

92 (52.9%)

173 (88.7%)

 

Alcohol consumptiond

   

<0.001

 Yes

224 (60.7%)

131 (75.3%)

93 (47.7%)

 

 No

145 (39.3%)

43 (24.7%)

102 (52.3%)

 

Regular excersicee

   

0.065

 Yes

106 (28.7%)

58 (33.3%)

48 (24.6%)

 

 No

263 (71.3%)

116 (66.7%)

147 (75.4%)

 

Blood mercury, μg/L

4.461 (2.982, 5.956)f

5.465 (3.469, 8.886)

3.880 (2.782, 5.698)

<0.001

  1. a p values were from independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test for continous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables
  2. bValues are presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation
  3. cSmoking status was indicated as ‘yes’ for participants who had smoked more than five packs of cigarettes during their life and were currently smoking
  4. dAlcohol consumption was indicated as ‘yes’ for participants who consumed at least one glass of alcohol every month over the previous year
  5. eRegular exercise was indicated as ‘yes’ when the participant performed mederate or strenuous exercise on a regular basis (for more than 30 min at a time and more than five times per week in the case of moderate exercise; for more than 20 min at a time in the case of strenuous exercise)
  6. fValues are presented as median (25th percentile, 75th percentile)