Table 1 General characteristics of the subjects
From: Insomnia and hearing impairment among occupational noise exposed male workers
Variables | Frequency (%) or mean ± SD | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
Normal hearing (N = 277) | Hearing impairment (N = 532) | ||
Age (years) | 43.7 ± 5.8 | 46.8 ± 6.0 | <0.001 |
Working period (years) | 17.5 ± 6.5 | 22.8 ± 6.1 | <0.001 |
Noise level (decibel) | 79.1 ± 3.6 | 80.3 ± 2.8 | 0.010 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 84.8 ± 7.2 | 85.5 ± 7.2 | 0.181 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.5 ± 3.0 | 24.7 ± 2.7 | 0.304 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.7 ± 11.1 | 125.5 ± 9.3 | 0.781 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81.8 ± 6.9 | 81.7 ± 6.9 | 0.809 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 195.1 ± 32.5 | 196.1 ± 34.2 | 0.677 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 167.6 ± 127.4 | 162.3 ± 108.4 | 0.533 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 47.1 ± 9.9 | 48.0 ± 11.0 | 0.295 |
Glucose (g/dL) | 105.3 ± 17.3 | 108.4 ± 24.4 | 0.063 |
ISI score | 7.9 ± 4.8 | 8.7 ± 5.3 | 0.039 |
Smoking | 0.863 | ||
Non-smoker | 61 (22.0) | 120 (22.6) | |
Ex- or current smoker | 216 (78.0) | 412 (77.4) | |
Drinking | 0.924 | ||
Non-drinker | 71 (25.6) | 138 (25.9) | |
Drinker | 206 (74.4) | 394 (74.1) | |
Exercise | 0.892 | ||
Physical inactivity | 94 (33.9) | 178 (33.5) | |
Physical activity | 183 (66.1) | 354 (66.5) | |
Hypertension | 0.058 | ||
No | 262 (94.6) | 483 (90.8) | |
Yes | 15 (5.4) | 49 (9.2) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.329 | ||
No | 268 (96.8) | 507 (95.3) | |
Yes | 9 (3.2) | 25 (4.7) | |
Snoring | <0.001 | ||
No | 208 (75.1) | 280 (52.6) | |
Yes | 69 (24.9) | 252 (47.4) | |
Protection device use | 0.001 | ||
No or seldom | 98 (35.4) | 255 (47.9) | |
Always | 179 (64.6) | 277 (52.1) | |
Insomnia | 0.022 | ||
No | 255 (92.1) | 461 (86.7) | |
Yes | 22 (7.9) | 71 (13.3) | |