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Table 1 General characteristics of subjects

From: The association between cadmium and lead exposure and blood pressure among workers of a smelting industry: a cross-sectional study

Classification variables

 

Number

Geometric mean (95% CI)

Blood lead

(ug/dL)

Blood cadmium

(ug/L)

Total

 

310

5.839 (5.421–6.068)

1.053 (0.980–1.131)

Age group (years)

20 ~ 29(a)

57

4.991 (4.313–5.774)

0.655 (0.529–0.812)‡,c

30 ~ 39(b)

86

5.792 (5.217–6.431)

1.036 (0.933–1.150)

40 ~ 49(c)

99

5.961 (5.379–6.605)

1.172 (1.055–1.303)

≥ 50(d)

68

6.017 (5.385–6.722)

1.347 (1.187–1.575)

Work period (years)

< 10(e)

145

5.698 (5.243–6.192)

0.829 (0.739–0.930)‡,d

10 – 19(f)

77

5.928 (5.230–6.718)

1.193 (1.071–1.328)

≥ 20(g)

88

5.632 (5.109–6.209)

1.399 (1.258–1.555)

BMI (kg/m2)

< 23

90

5.747 (5.149–6.415)

1.036 (0.903–1.189)

23–24.9

85

5.567 (5.006–6.190)

1.067 (0.927–1.228)

≥ 25

135

5.836 (5.359–6.356)

1.055 (0.949–1.173)

Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)

≤ 99

229

5.851 (5.489–6.236)

1.032 (0.948–1.123)

100–125

68

5.357 (4.675–6.139)

1.140 (0.992–1.311)

≥ 126

13

5.768 (4.471–7.441)

0.985 (0.633–1.534)

Dyslipidemia

No

135

5.424 (4.958–5.932)

0.965 (0.865–1.078)‡

Yes

175

5.988 (5.571–6.436)

1.126 (1.026–1.235)

High risk alcohol drinking habita

No

182

5.900 (5.465–6.370)

1.010 (0.889–1.149)

Yes

128

5.509 (5.071–5.984)

1.083 (0.997–1.176)

Smoking status

Current non smoker

167

5.232 (4.856–5.637)‡

0.972 (0.875–1.080)‡

Current smoker

143

6.385 (5.875–6.939)

1.155 (1.052–1.268)

Adequate exerciseb

No

141

5.726 (5.292–6.197)

1.003 (0.894–1.125)

Yes

169

5.743 (5.299–6.223)

1.096 (1.002–1.199)

Family history of hypertension

No

277

5.739 (5.403–6.096)

1.046 (0.970–1.128)

Yes

33

5.705 (4.845–6.717)

1.114 (0.885–1.402)

  1. p - value was calculated by Student t-test, analysis of variance. aDrink more than 8 glasses per day. bExercise harder than moderate physical activity at least 30 min per day and 3 times per week. ‡ p < 0.05, cpost hoc comparison: (a) < (b), (c), (d), dpost hoc comparison: (e) < (f), (g)