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Table 1 General and occupational characteristics of the study participants by type of perceived discrimination

From: The association between perceived discriminations and well-being in Korean employed workers: the 4th Korean working conditions survey

 

Total

(n = 32,984)

Perceived discrimination

Age

Educational attainment

Employment type

N (%)

No (%)

Yes (%)

P-value*

No (%)

Yes (%)

P-value*

No (%)

Yes (%)

P-value*

General characteristics

 Gender

  Male

17,066 (51.7)

16,137 (94.6)

929 (5.4)

<0.001

16,166 (94.7)

900 (5.3)

0.692

16,415 (96.2)

651 (3.8)

0.795

  Female

15,918 (48.3)

14,869 (93.4)

1049 (6.6)

 

15,094 (94.8)

824 (5.2)

 

15,303 (96.1)

616 (3.9)

 

 Age (years)

  20–29

4331 (13.1)

4094 (94.5)

237 (5.5)

<0.001

4018 (92.8)

314 (7.2)

<0.001

4104 (94.8)

227 (5.2)

<0.001

  30–39

8624 (26.1)

8259 (95.8)

365 (4.2)

 

8113 (94.1)

511 (5.9)

 

8382 (97.2)

242 (2.8)

 

  40–49

9678 (29.3)

9199 (95.1)

479 (4.9)

 

9207 (95.1)

471 (4.9)

 

9370 (96.8)

308 (3.2)

 

  50–59

6622 (20.1)

6157 (93.0)

465 (7.0)

 

6331 (95.6)

291 (4.4)

 

6329 (95.6)

293 (4.4)

 

   ≥ 60

3729 (11.3)

3296 (88.4)

433 (11.6)

 

3591 (96.3)

139 (3.7)

 

3533 (94.7)

196 (5.3)

 

 Education

  Middle school or lower

3739 (11.3)

3342 (89.4)

397 (10.6)

<0.001

3589 (96.0)

149 (4.0)

<0.001

3535 (94.5)

204 (5.5)

<0.001

  High school

11,975 (36.3)

11,173 (93.3)

802 (6.7)

 

11,429 (95.4)

546 (4.6)

 

11,415 (95.3)

559 (4.7)

 

  College

4686 (14.2)

4476 (95.5)

210 (4.5)

 

4449 (94.9)

237 (5.1)

 

4503 (96.1)

183 (3.9)

 

  University or higher

12,585 (38.2)

12,014 (95.5)

571 (4.5)

 

11,793 (93.7)

792 (6.3)

 

12,265 (97.5)

320 (2.5)

 

Occupational characteristics

 Occupation type

  Management/professional

5358 (16.2)

5089 (95.0)

269 (5.0)

<0.001

5035 (94.0)

323 (6.0)

<0.001

5206 (97.1)

153 (2.9)

<0.001

  Office work

9412 (28.5)

9017 (95.8)

395 (4.2)

 

8765 (93.1)

647 (6.9)

 

9178 (97.5)

234 (2.5)

 

  Service/sales

8054 (24.4)

7547 (93.7)

507 (6.3)

 

7716 (95.8)

338 (4.2)

 

7742 (96.1)

312 (3.9)

 

  Technical

5180 (15.7)

4916 (94.9)

264 (5.1)

 

4972 (96.0)

208 (4.0)

 

4951 (95.6)

229 (4.4)

 

  Simple labor

4980 (15.1)

4436 (89.1)

544 (10.9)

 

4772 (95.8)

209 (4.2)

 

4641 (93.2)

339 (6.8)

 

 Monthly Income (10,000 won)

   < 130

6751 (20.5)

6150 (91.1)

601 (8.9)

<0.001

6533 (96.8)

218 (3.2)

<0.001

6370 (94.4)

381 (5.6)

<0.001

  130–199

8463 (25.7)

7857 (92.9)

605 (7.1)

 

7977 (94.3)

486 (5.7)

 

8056 (95.2)

407 (4.8)

 

  200–299

9576 (29.0)

9174 (95.8)

402 (4.2)

 

9081 (94.8)

495 (5.2)

 

9277 (96.9)

299 (3.1)

 

   ≥ 300

8195 (24.8)

7824 (95.5)

371 (4.5)

 

7669 (93.6)

525 (6.4)

 

8016 (97.8)

179 (2.2)

 

 Working hours (per week)

   ≤ 40

17,367 (52.7)

16,464 (94.8)

911 (5.2)

<0.001

16,542 (95.2)

826 (4.8)

<0.001

16,751 (96.5)

616 (3.5)

<0.001

  41–52

9627 (29.2)

9054 (94.0)

573 (6.0)

 

9060 (94.1)

567 (5.9)

 

9298 (96.6)

329 (3.4)

 

  53–60

4170 (12.6)

3860 (92.6)

310 (7.4)

 

3833 (94.3)

236 (5.7)

 

3967 (95.1)

203 (4.9)

 

   ≥ 61

1820 (5.5)

1635 (89.8)

186 (10.2)

 

1725 (94.7)

96 (5.3)

 

1702 (93.5)

118 (6.5)

 

 Employment type

  Regular worker

25,231 (76.5)

23,936 (94.9)

1295 (5.1)

<0.001

23,850 (94.5)

1381 (5.5)

0.001

24,521 (97.2)

710 (2.8)

<0.001

  Temporary worker

5597 (17.0)

5180 (92.5)

417 (7.5)

 

5342 (95.4)

255 (4.6)

 

5239 (93.6)

358 (6.4)

 

  Day labor

2157 (6.5)

1889 (87.6)

267 (12.4)

 

2068 (95.9)

89 (4.1)

 

1958 (90.8)

199 (9.2)

 
  1. *Calculating using Chi-square test
  2. P < 0.05
  3. ªa 2–3 years course college