Table 1 The category and type of major components in paints

Pigments & fillers

Inorganic

Essential elements, clays, calcium carbonate, mica, silicas, talcs, titanium dioxide, and red iron oxide

Organic

Azo pigments (Benzidine Yellow, etc.)

Binder & resins

Natural resins and oils

Rosin, vegetable and fish oils

Synthetic resins

Cellulosic, phenolic, alkyl, vinyl, acrylic and methacrylic, polyesters and polyurethane resins, phthalic resins, chlorinated rubber derivatives, styrene-butadiene, silicone oils, and etc.

Additives

Surfactants & disperser

Lecithin, zinc or calcium naphthenate or octoate, oleates, oleic acid, polyphosphates, pyrophosphates, salts of arylalkyl-sulfonic acids and salts of polycarboxylic acids

Driers

Metal salts of naphthenic acid (lead, calcium, cobalt, manganese, zirconium, zinc, cerium, lanthanum, and etc.), tall oil acid, 2-ethylhexanolic acid and neodecanoic acid, zirconium, calcium and cobalt-zirconium compounds

Rheological additives

Gum arabic, gum tragacanth, starch, sodium alginate, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, ammonium caseinate, polyurethane derivates, polyacrylates, maleic anhydride copolymers, mineral fillers, magnesium montmorillonite clays, pyrogenic silicic acid, polyacrylamides, polyacrylic acid salts, and etc.

Plasticizers

Dibutyl-, diethyl-, diethylhexyl- and dioctylphthalates, low molecularweight esters of adipic and sebacic acid, tributyl phosphate, castor oil, and polyester resins

Biocides

Formaldehyde, isothiazolinones and chloroacetamide

Antiskinning agent

Phenol derivatives, methoxyphenol,ortho-aminophenol, and polyhydroxyphenol

Corrosion inhibitors

Red lead, zinc, chromium(III), aluminium, calcium and magnesium phosphates

Nanoparticles

Titanium dioxide, silver or silver compounds, aluminium, oxide, fullerenes

Light stabilizers

2-hydroxybenzophenones, 2-hydroxyphenylbenzitriazoles, oxalanilides, and 2-hydroxyphenyltriazines

Solvents

Petroleum and coal-tar distillates, alcohols, esters, ketones, glycols, synthesized glycol ethers and esters (mainly ethylene), and propylene glycol derivates