Table 1 Demographic distributions and geometric mean concentration of urinary PAH metabolites with 95% confidence intervals in μg/g creatinine
N (%) | 2-Naphthol GM (95% CI) | 2-Hydroxyfluorene GM (95% CI) | 1-Hydroxyphenanthrene GM (95% CI) | 1-Hydroxypyrene GM (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | |||||
20–29 yrs | 30 (2.4) | 2.10 (1.47–3.02) | 0.23 (0.18–0.29) | 0.10 (0.08–0.13) | 0.18 (0.14–0.23) |
30–39 yrs | 229 (18.0) | 2.02 (1.77–2.30) | 0.26 (0.24–0.28) | 0.10 (0.10–0.11) | 0.16 (0.14–0.17) |
40–49 yrs | 208 (16.4) | 2.09 (1.82–2.40) | 0.25 (0.23–0.28) | 0.11 (0.10–0.12) | 0.17 (0.16–0.19) |
50–59 yrs | 284 (22.4) | 2.82 (2.51–3.17) | 0.31 (0.28–0.33) | 0.15 (0.14–0.16) | 0.21 (0.19–0.22) |
60–69 yrs | 313 (24.7) | 2.97 (2.66–3.32) | 0.30 (0.27–0.32) | 0.15 (0.14–0.16) | 0.22 (0.21–0.24) |
≥ 70 yrs | 205 (16.2) | 3.39 (2.95–3.89) | 0.30 (0.27–0.33) | 0.16 (0.14–0.17) | 0.22 (0.20–0.24) |
p-value | < 0.001 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
BMI | |||||
< 25 kg/m2 | 780 (61.5) | 2.56 (2.38–2.75) | 0.27 (0.26–0.29) | 0.13 (0.12–0.13) | 0.19 (0.18–0.20) |
≥ 25 kg/m2 | 489 (38.5) | 2.72 (2.48–2.98) | 0.29 (0.28–0.31) | 0.15 (0.14–0.16) | 0.21 (0.20–0.22) |
p-value | 0.297 | 0.072 | < 0.001 | 0.008 | |
Passive smoking | |||||
No | 1111 (87.5) | 2.63 (2.47–2.79) | 0.28 (0.27–0.29) | 0.14 (0.13–0.14) | 0.20 (0.19–0.20) |
Yes | 158 (12.5) | 2.55 (2.17–3.00) | 0.29 (0.26–0.32) | 0.12 (0.11–0.14) | 0.18 (0.16–0.20) |
p-value | 0.740 | 0.797 | 0.071 | 0.181 | |
Drinking | |||||
No | 753 (59.3) | 2.75 (2.55–2.96) | 0.28 (0.27–0.30) | 0.14 (0.13–0.14) | 0.19 (0.19–0.20) |
Yes | 516 (40.7) | 2.44 (2.23–2.67) | 0.28 (0.27–0.30) | 0.13 (0.12–0.14) | 0.20 (0.18–0.21) |
p-value | 0.044 | 0.963 | 0.261 | 0.912 | |
Exercise | |||||
No | 596 (47.0) | 2.43 (2.23–2.64) | 0.27 (0.26–0.29) | 0.12 (0.12–0.13) | 0.19 (0.18–0.20) |
Yes | 673 (53.0) | 2.80 (2.60–3.03) | 0.29 (0.27–0.30) | 0.14 (0.14–0.15) | 0.20 (0.19–0.21) |
p-value | 0.012 | 0.147 | < 0.001 | 0.062 | |