Table 4 Adjusted ORs and 95% CI of hearing impairment by quartile of lead, cadmium in male
Analyte | <25th | 25th to <50th | 50th to <75th | ≥75th |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Lead | ||||
Conc, μg/dLa | 1.56 ± 0.01 | 2.22 ± 0.01 | 2.82 ± 0.01 | 4.22 ± 0.08 |
Case/n (low frequency) | 80/796 | 96/797 | 111/796 | 155/796 |
Hearing thresholds(dB)b | 10.8 ± 0.47 | 13.3 ± 0.56 | 14.8 ± 0.59 | 17.8 ± 0.70 |
Prevalence(%)c | 9.2% | 12.7% | 16.2% | 21.7% |
Adjusted OR(95% CI)d | Referent | 1.153 (0.761–1.747) | 1.002 (0.644–1.559) | 1.049 (0.694–1.585) |
Adjusted OR(95% CI)e | Referent | 1.15 (0.758–1.745) | 0.998 (0.640–1.555) | 1.045 (0.690–1.582) |
Adjusted OR(95% CI)f | Referent | 1.17 (0.772–1.772) | 1.028 (0.661–1.597) | 1.026 (0.677–1.556) |
Case/n (high frequency) | 242/796 | 322/797 | 404/796 | 520/796 |
Hearing thresholds(dB)b | 21.2 ± 0.86 | 27.4 ± 0.99 | 31.4 ± 0.99 | 37.9 ± 1.05 |
Prevalence(%)c | 28.6% | 41.6% | 51.3% | 63.9% |
Adjusted OR(95% CI)d | Referent | 1.342 (0.988–1.823) | 1.357 (0.972–1.894) | 1.598 (1.14–2.238) |
Adjusted OR(95% CI)e | Referent | 1.352 (0.994–1.837) | 1.365 (0.978–1.906) | 1.614 (1.151–2.263) |
Adjusted OR(95% CI)f | Referent | 1.368 (1.006–1.859) | 1.402 (1.005–1.955) | 1.629 (1.161–2.287) |
Cadmium | ||||
Conc, μg/dLa | 0.47 ± 0.01 | 0.79 ± 0.01 | 1.13 ± 0.01 | 1.88 ± 0.03 |
Case/n (low frequency) | 57/797 | 99/797 | 130/798 | 156/793 |
Hearing thresholds(dB)b | 10.5 ± 0.55 | 13.4 ± 0.53 | 15.3 ± 0.57 | 17.4 ± 0.71 |
Prevalence(%)c | 8.4% | 12.9% | 17.1% | 21.1% |
Adjusted OR(95% CI)d | Referent | 0.857 (0.532–1.379) | 0.845 (0.54–1.322) | 0.924 (0.567–1.505) |
Adjusted OR(95% CI)e | Referent | 0.855 (0.531–1.376) | 0.84 (0.537–1.313) | 0.922 (0.566–1.503) |
Adjusted OR(95% CI)f | Referent | 0.842 (0.524–1.354) | 0.83 (0.533–1.291) | 0.905 (0.556–1.473) |
Case/n (high frequency) | 221/797 | 362/797 | 433/798 | 472/793 |
Hearing thresholds(dB)b | 20.9 ± 1.00 | 29.0 ± 0.94 | 32.5 ± 1.02 | 35.3 ± 1.04 |
Prevalence(%)c | 27.4% | 46.3% | 52.3% | 59.2% |
Adjusted OR(95% CI)d | Referent | 1.238 (0.895–1.712) | 1.159 (0.828–1.623) | 1.284 (0.892–1.848) |
Adjusted OR(95% CI)e | Referent | 1.236 (0.894–1.71) | 1.163 (0.83–1.629) | 1.283 (0.891–1.848) |
Adjusted OR(95% CI)f | Referent | 1.235 (0.891–1.711) | 1.168 (0.833–1.638) | 1.292 (0.896–1.865) |