Table 5 Adjusted ORs and 95% CI of hearing impairment by quartile of lead, cadmium in female

 Conc, μg/dL^a

1.61 ± 0.01

2.11 ± 0.01

3.03 ± 0.03

 Case/n (low frequency)

63//808

82/804

101/806

133/806

 Hearing thresholds(dB)^b

11.6 ± 0.53

13.0 ± 0.63

14.0 ± 0.52

17.8 ± 0.79

 Prevalence(%)^c

10.9%

11.1%

12.6%

20.6%

 Adjusted OR(95% CI)^d

Referent

1.312 (0.755–2.279)

1.302 (0.791–2.143)

0.957 (0.563–1.626)

 Adjusted OR(95% CI)^e

Referent

1.288 (0.74–2.24)

1.281 (0.773–2.123)

0.93 (0.544–1.589)

 Adjusted OR(95% CI)^f

Referent

1.271 (0.726–2.223)

1.308 (0.784–2.183)

0.932 (0.541–1.604)

 Case/n (high frequency)

135/808

178/804

234/806

323/806

 Hearing thresholds(dB)^b

16.4 ± 0.75

19.9 ± 0.87

21.4 ± 0.70

27.5 ± 1.10

 Prevalence(%)^c

20.3%

24.2%

29.2%

44.7%

 Adjusted OR(95% CI)^d

Referent

0.937 (0.599–1.464)

1.009 (0.695–1.464)

1.488 (1.02–2.172)

 Adjusted OR(95% CI)^e

Referent

0.941 (0.602–1.471)

1.012 (0.698–1.467)

1.499 (1.028–2.187)

 Adjusted OR(95% CI)^f

Referent

0.947 (0.606–1.477)

1.013 (0.698–1.471)

1.502 (1.027–2.196)

 Conc, μg/dL^a

0.96 ± 0.01

1.36 ± 0.01

2.17 ± 0.03

 Case/n (low frequency)

42/806

89/807

110/806

138/805

 Hearing thresholds(dB)^b

9.3 ± 0.45

14.2 ± 0.59

15.9 ± 0.63

16.9 ± 0.73

 Prevalence(%)^c

6.2%

13.4%

17%

18.5%

 Adjusted OR(95% CI)^d

Referent

0.873 (0.486–1.567)

0.916 (0.523–1.603)

0.768 (0.432–1.364)

 Adjusted OR(95% CI)^e

Referent

0.88 (0.489–1.586)

0.92 (0.524–1.616)

0.758 (0.426–1.349)

 Adjusted OR(95% CI)^f

Referent

0.875 (0.488–1.57)

0.913 (0.521–1.601)

0.757 (0.427–1.343)

 Case/n (high frequency)

85/806

212/807

280/806

293/805

 Hearing thresholds(dB)^b

13.5 ± 0.69

21.1 ± 0.88

25.0 ± 0.94

25.4 ± 0.90

 Prevalence(%)^c

13.3%

28.4%

37.6%

38.6%

 Adjusted OR(95% CI)^d

Referent

1.225 (0.799–1.878)

1.302 (0.821–2.067)

1.425 (0.91–2.231)

 Adjusted OR(95% CI)^e

Referent

1.229 (0.799–1.89)

1.308 (0.821–2.082)

1.427 (0.908–2.244)

 Adjusted OR(95% CI)^f

Referent

1.248 (0.812–1.919)

1.325 (0.831–2.115)

1.426 (0.906–2.244)