From: Female non-smokers’ environmental tobacco smoking exposure by public transportation mode
Category | N(%) | GM(±SE) | 95% CI | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | |||||
1322(100) | 1.75(1.03) | ||||
Age (years) | |||||
19–29 | 182(11.5) | 1.35(1.08) | 1.16–1.56 | 0.001 | |
30–39 | 233(14.7) | 1.91(1.07) | 1.68–2.18 | ||
40–49 | 268(16.9) | 1.90(1.06) | 1.68–2.15 | ||
50–59 | 348(22.0) | 1.92(1.06) | 1.73–2.14 | ||
60–69 | 345(21.8) | 1.67(1.05) | 1.51–1.85 | ||
≥70 | 206(13.0) | 1.64(1.07) | 1.43–1.88 | ||
Region | |||||
Cities | 1303(82.4) | 1.82(1.03) | 1.72–1.92 | 0.002 | |
Rural area | 63(4.0) | 1.71(1.14) | 1.33–2.21 | ||
Coastal area | 28(1.8) | 2.00(1.26) | 1.24–3.23 | ||
Heavy Metals Monitoring Networka | 188(11.9) | 1.34(1.07) | 1.17–1.54 | ||
Involuntary smoking(per week) | |||||
0 | 1273(80.5) | 1.62(1.03) | 1.54–1.71 | < 0.001 | |
1~ 2 | 109(6.9) | 1.87(1.10) | 1.55–2.27 | ||
3~ 4 | 46(2.9) | 2.29(1.16) | 1.69–3.11 | ||
5~ 6 | 39(2.5) | 2.42(1.19) | 1.69–3.46 | ||
≥7 | 115(7.3) | 3.08(1.10) | 2.57–3.69 | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
Underweight | 55(3.5) | 1.25(1.15) | 0.94–1.67 | 0.026 | |
Normal | 936(59.2) | 1.73(1.03) | 1.62–1.84 | ||
Obese | 591(37.4) | 1.84(1.04) | 1.70–2.00 | ||
Education | |||||
≤ Middle school | 55(3.5) | 1.82(1.04) | 1.68–1.97 | 0.012 | |
High school | 936(59.2) | 1.86(1.05) | 1.70–2.04 | ||
≥ College | 591(37.4) | 1.56(1.05) | 1.43–1.71 | ||
Marital status | |||||
Single | 439(27.7) | 1.52(1.05) | 1.38–1.67 | 0.001 | |
Married | 1143(72.3) | 1.85(1.03) | 1.75–1.96 | ||
Household income | |||||
Low | 463(29.3) | 1.93(1.05) | 1.76–2.13 | 0.003 | |
Mid-low | 757(47.9) | 1.78(1.04) | 1.66–1.92 | ||
Mid-high | 352(22.3) | 1.49(1.05) | 1.35–1.65 | ||
High | 10(0.6) | 1.91(1.35) | 0.96–3.79 | ||
Alcohol | |||||
None | 818(51.7) | 1.73(1.04) | 1.61–1.85 | 0.363 | |
Light drinkerb | 734(46.4) | 1.76(1.04) | 1.64–1.90 | ||
Heavy drinkerc | 30(1.9) | 2.25(1.22) | 1.48–3.40 | ||
Exercise | |||||
No | 1183(74.8) | 1.75(1.03) | 1.66–1.86 | 0.986 | |
Yesd | 399(25.2) | 1.75(1.05) | 1.58–1.94 | ||
Job classification | |||||
non-manual | 329(24.9) | 1.88(1.05) | 1.70–2.09 | 0.263 | |
manual | 224(16.9) | 1.72(1.07) | 1.51–1.95 | ||
housewife, student, unemployed | 769(58.2) | 1.71(1.03) | 1.60–1.82 |