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Table 3 Association between the number of days of excessive particulate matter 10 (PM10) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the winter of 2015 and concentration of putative contaminant sources

From: Association between air pollution in the 2015 winter in South Korea and population size, car emissions, industrial activity, and fossil-fuel power plants: an ecological study

 

CO

PM10

exp(β)

95% CI

exp(β)

95% CI

Population density (person/km2)a

Q1(lowest)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Q2

3.44

1.96–6.04

3.00

1.46–6.17

Q3

5.07

3.00–8.58

3.89

1.97–7.68

Q4(highest)

3.70

2.19–6.26

1.59*

0.79–3.18

No. of car registrationsb

Q1(lowest)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Q2

3.53

1.96–6.38

1.50

0.70–3.21

Q3

3.86

2.22–6.72

1.45*

0.71–2.95

Q4(highest)

5.75

3.32–9.99

2.49

1.23–5.04

No. of car accidentc

Q1(lowest)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Q2

2.20

1.23–3.93

1.00

0.47–2.13

Q3

3.14

1.84–5.36

1.67*

0.84–3.32

Q4(highest)

4.33

2.54–7.38

2.23

1.13–4.40

Industrial power usage (Kwh/ km2)d

Q1(lowest)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Q2

2.88

1.64–5.07

2.69

1.31–5.52

Q3

3.93

2.37–6.51

3.19

1.66–6.12

Q4(highest)

3.46

2.09–5.71

1.70*

0.88–3.27

Generation of electricity (Kwh)

No

1.00

 

1.00

 

Yes

1.37

1.01–1.86

2.27

1.60–3.21

  1. apopulation density(persons/km2): Q1 < 98.87, 98.87 ≤ Q2 < 459.19, 459.19 ≤ Q3 < 6329.12, 6329.12 ≤ Q4
  2. bNo. of car registrations(car/1000): Q1 < 16.43, 16.43 ≤ Q2 < 48.90, 48.90 ≤ Q3 < 98.36, 98.36 ≤ Q4
  3. cNo. of car accident: Q1 < 213.00, 213.00 ≤ Q2 < 729.00, 729.00 ≤ Q3 < 1521.00, 1521.00 ≤ Q4
  4. dIndustrial power usage (Kwh/km2): Q1 < 300,926.80, 300,926.80 ≤ Q2 < 1,588,265.70, 1,588,265.70 ≤ Q3 < 8,306,667.40, 8,306,667.40 ≤ Q4