|
Variables
|
Non-smoker
|
Smoker
|
p-value
|
|---|
|
n
|
%
|
n
|
%
|
|---|
|
Emotional labor
|
|
aKELS-1
|
Good
|
58
|
89.2
|
7
|
10.8
|
0.464
|
|
Risk
|
266
|
85.8
|
44
|
14.2
| |
|
bKELS-2
|
Good
|
165
|
89.7
|
19
|
10.3
|
0.069
|
|
Risk
|
159
|
83.2
|
32
|
16.8
| |
|
cKELS-3
|
Good
|
187
|
90.3
|
20
|
9.7
|
0.014
|
|
Risk
|
137
|
81.5
|
31
|
18.5
| |
|
dKELS-4
|
Good
|
239
|
88.5
|
31
|
11.5
|
0.055
|
|
Risk
|
85
|
81
|
20
|
19.0
| |
|
eKELS-5
|
Good
|
304
|
87.1
|
45
|
12.9
|
0.144
|
|
Risk
|
20
|
76.9
|
6
|
23.1
| |
|
Workplace violence
|
|
fKWVS-1
|
Good
|
262
|
87.3
|
38
|
12.7
|
0.292
|
|
Risk
|
62
|
82.7
|
13
|
17.3
| |
|
gKWVS-2
|
Good
|
281
|
88.4
|
37
|
11.6
|
0.009
|
|
Risk
|
43
|
75.4
|
14
|
24.6
| |
|
hKWVS-3
|
Good
|
290
|
86.6
|
45
|
13.4
|
0.785
|
|
Risk
|
34
|
85
|
6
|
15.0
| |
|
iKWVS-4
|
Good
|
261
|
87.3
|
38
|
12.7
|
0.318
|
|
Risk
|
63
|
82.9
|
13
|
17.1
| |
|
Working condition
|
|
Employment type
|
Formal
|
210
|
86.8
|
32
|
13.2
|
0.774
|
|
Informal
|
114
|
85.7
|
19
|
14.3
| |
|
Working hours (hours/week)
|
< 40
|
89
|
95.7
|
4
|
4.3
|
0.003
|
|
40–49
|
220
|
84.3
|
41
|
16.7
| |
|
≥50
|
15
|
71.4
|
51
|
13.6
| |
|
Annual salary (million KRW)
|
< 21.4
|
58
|
95.1
|
3
|
4.9
|
0.039
|
|
≥21.4
|
266
|
84.7
|
48
|
15.3
| |
|
Employment period (years)
|
< 5
|
149
|
86.6
|
23
|
13.4
|
0.906
|
|
≥5
|
175
|
86.2
|
28
|
13.8
| |
|
Demographic characteristics
|
|
Age (years)
|
< 40
|
311
|
86.6
|
48
|
13.4
|
0.539
|
|
≥40
|
13
|
81.3
|
3
|
18.8
| |
- p-value by Chi-square test
- aKELS-1: Emotional demands and regulation, bKELS-2: Problems in the customer service process, cKELS-3: Emotional disharmony and hurt, dKELS-4: Organizational surveillance and monitoring, eKELS-5: Organizational support and protection system, fKWVS-1: Psychological/sexual violence from customers, gKWVS-2: Psychological/sexual violence in the workplace from supervisor or coworkers, hKWVS-3: Psychological/Physical violence from customers/the workplace, iKWVS-4: Organizational support system for violence
