Table 1 Serum 25(OH)D and Urinary arsenic concentration, adjusted for all other variables in the table
Variables | N | Serum 25(OH)D | Urinary arsenic | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AM (95% CI) | p-value | GM (95% CI) | p-value | ||
Sex | |||||
Men | 1613 | 49.84 (48.34-51.34) | * | 101.1 (96.42-106.1) | * |
Women | 1780 | 42.88 (41.62-44.15) | 0.000 | 128.7 (122.8-134.8) | 0.000 |
Age (years) | |||||
20-29 | 630 | 41.89 (40.12-43.66) | * | 69.77 (64.74-75.20) | * |
30-39 | 677 | 45.20 (43.50-46.90) | 0.001 | 100.6 (94.77-106.9) | 0.000 |
40-49 | 671 | 45.86 (44.37-47.36) | 0.000 | 127.1 (119.5-135.2) | 0.000 |
50-59 | 686 | 49.30 (47.50-51.10) | 0.000 | 141.0 (132.4-150.1) | 0.000 |
60+ | 729 | 48.57 (46.51-50.63) | 0.000 | 155.1 (145.2-165.6) | 0.000 |
Residence location | |||||
Urban | 2616 | 44.81 (43.67-45.94) | * | 114.4 (110.7-118.2) | * |
Rural | 777 | 51.30 (48.92-53.69) | 0.000 | 116.9 (106.9-127.7) | 0.671 |
Season | |||||
Spring | 905 | 44.78 (43.23-46.33) | * | 108.3 (101.5-115.5) | * |
Summer | 788 | 47.42 (45.57-49.27) | 0.017 | 113.8 (107.5-120.6) | 0.222 |
Fall | 534 | 46.88 (44.99-48.76) | 0.055 | 116.6 (109.0-124.7) | 0.126 |
Winter | 1166 | 45.98 (44.60-47.35) | 0.232 | 120.2 (113.9-126.9) | 0.027 |
Education level | |||||
Less than high school | 1149 | 45.95 (44.15-47.76) | * | 117.8 (110.9-125.2) | * |
High school | 1023 | 47.15 (45.72-48.58) | 0.264 | 115.1 (109.1-121.4) | 0.568 |
College and more | 1221 | 45.48 (43.95-47.01) | 0.706 | 112.4 (106.7-118.4) | 0.289 |
Smoking status | |||||
Never-smoker | 1872 | 46.73 (45.45-48.02) | * | 120.0 (114.9-125.3) | * |
Past smoker | 691 | 47.13 (45.22-49.03) | 0.727 | 115.5 (108.1-123.4) | 0.372 |
Current smoker | 825 | 44.06 (42.28-45.83) | 0.014 | 103.7 (97.56-110.3) | 0.000 |
Drinking status | |||||
No drink | 905 | 44.78 (43.23-46.33) | * | 108.3 (101.5-115.5) | * |
Mild drink | 788 | 47.42 (45.57-49.27) | 0.017 | 113.8 (107.5-120.6) | 0.222 |
Moderate drink | 534 | 46.88 (44.99-48.76) | 0.055 | 116.6 (109.0-124.7) | 0.126 |
Heavy drink | 1166 | 45.98 (44.60-47.35) | 0.232 | 120.2 (113.9-126.9) | 0.027 |
Body Mass Index | |||||
Lean | 153 | 45.89 (42.93-48.84) | * | 108.7 (96.52-122.4) | * |
Normal | 2162 | 46.12 (44.98-47.26) | 0.876 | 114.8 (110.7-119.1) | 0.382 |
Obese | 1047 | 46.23 (44.92-47.54) | 0.827 | 116.1 (110.5-122.1) | 0.325 |
Regular exercise | |||||
Yes | 534 | 48.95 (47.07-50.84) | * | 111.4 (104.0-119.4) | * |
No | 2859 | 45.62 (44.59-46.65) | 0.000 | 115.6 (111.8-119.5) | 0.351 |
Regular walking | |||||
Yes | 1629 | 47.14 (45.89-48.40) | * | 115.0 (110.6-119.5) | * |
No | 1764 | 45.24 (44.06-46.42) | 0.006 | 114.8 (110.3-119.5) | 0.952 |
Seafood consumption | |||||
Less than once a week | 310 | 47.76 (45.42-50.09) | * | 103.5 (93.93-114.0) | * |
Once a week | 1031 | 45.47 (44.11-46.83) | 0.069 | 111.0 (105.5-116.9) | 0.223 |
More than once a week | 2052 | 46.26 (45.11-47.41) | 0.224 | 118.7 (114.6-122.9) | 0.007 |
Diabetes | |||||
Yes | 309 | 44.46 (42.00-46.91) | * | 128.9 (117.3-141.8) | * |
No | 3084 | 46.30 (45.26-47.35) | 0.148 | 113.7 (110.2-117.2) | 0.011 |