Effects of high occupational physical activity, aging, and exercise on heart rate variability among male workers

Kang, Dongmug; Kim, Youngki; Kim, Jongeun; Hwang, Yongsik; Cho, Byungmann; Hong, Taekjong; Sung, Byungmok; Lee, Yonghwan

doi:10.1186/s40557-015-0073-0

Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Table 1 Results of trend tests between heart rate variability items and variables

From: Effects of high occupational physical activity, aging, and exercise on heart rate variability among male workers

		SDNN				rMSSD				LF				HF				LF:HF
		low		normal		low		normal		low		normal		low		normal		low		normal
		n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age (year)	< 45	24	21.2	89	78.8	7	6.19	106	93.8	29	25.7	84	74.3	12	10.6	101	89.4	35	31	78	69.0
	≥45	8	44.4	10	55.6	3	16.7	15	83.3	9	50	9	50	4	22.2	14	77.8	10	55.6	8	44.4
	p-value	0.0167				0.0601				0.0173				0.0813				0.0207
OPA	Low	20	21.7	72	78.3	5	5.4	87	94.6	23	25.0	69	75.0	9	9.8	83	90.2	32	34.8	60	65.2
	High	12	30.8	27	69.2	5	12.8	34	87.2	15	38.5	24	61.5	7	18.0	32	82.1	13	33.3	26	66.7
	p-value	0.1357				0.0727				0.0603				0.0959				0.4366
Exercise (times/ week)	≥3	9	24.3	28	75.7	2	5.4	35	94.6	12	32.4	25	67.6	4	10.8	33	89.2	16	43.2	21	56.8
	1–2	14	23.3	46	76.7	4	6.7	56	93.3	16	26.7	44	73.3	6	10.0	54	90.0	21	35.0	39	65.0
	0	6	27.3	16	72.7	4	18.2	18	81.8	8	36.4	14	63.6	4	18.2	18	81.8	6	27.3	16	72.7
	p-value	0.4199				0.0600				0.4384				0.2343				0.1036
BMI (kg/m²)	< 20	1	14.3	6	85.7	0	0.0	7	100.0	2	28.6	5	71.4	0	0.0	7	100.0	2	28.6	5	71.4
	20–25	25	24.5	77	75.5	8	7.8	94	92.2	31	30.4	71	69.6	14	13.7	88	86.3	31	30.4	71	69.6
	> 25	6	27.3	16	72.7	2	9.1	20	90.9	5	22.7	17	77.3	2	9.1	20	90.9	12	54.6	10	45.5
	p-value	0.2758				0.2688				0.2843				0.4609				0.0253
Smoking	Present	13	28.3	33	71.7	5	10.9	41	89.1	14	30.4	32	69.6	7	15.2	39	84.8	18	39.1	28	60.9
	Previous	4	25.0	12	75.0	2	12.5	14	87.5	6	37.5	10	62.5	3	18.8	13	81.3	6	37.5	10	62.5
	No	12	21.1	45	79.0	3	5.3	54	94.7	16	28.1	41	71.9	4	7.0	53	93.0	19	33.3	38	66.7
	p-value	0.1980				0.1483				0.3874				0.0935				0.2699
Alcohol drinking (times/week)	≥2	19	21.6	69	78.4	7	8.0	81	92.1	21	23.9	67	76.1	10	11.4	78	88.6	26	29.6	62	70.5
	< 2	13	30.2	30	69.8	3	7.0	40	93.0	17	39.5	26	60.5	6	14.0	37	86.1	19	44.2	24	55.8
	p-value	0.1399				0.4216				0.0317				0.3354				0.0488
Shiftwork	Yes	14	23.7	45	76.3	4	6.8	55	93.2	19	32.2	40	67.8	6	10.2	53	89.8	30	50.9	29	49.2
	No	15	25.0	45	75.0	6	10.0	54	90.0	17	28.3	43	71.7	8	13.3	52	86.7	13	21.7	47	78.3
	p-value	0.4359				0.2633				0.3229				0.2961				0.0005
Job demand	Low	16	25.4	47	74.6	4	6.4	59	93.7	19	30.2	44	69.8	7	11.1	56	88.9	25	39.7	38	60.3
	High	12	23.5	39	76.5	5	9.8	46	90.2	15	29.4	36	70.6	6	11.8	45	88.2	16	31.4	35	68.6
	p-value	0.4089				0.2482				0.4655				0.4565				0.1790
Decision latitude	Low	15	22.7	51	77.3	6	9.1	60	90.9	18	27.3	48	72.7	7	10.6	59	89.4	25	37.9	41	62.1
	High	13	26.5	36	73.5	3	6.1	46	93.9	17	34.7	32	65.3	6	12.2	43	87.8	15	30.6	34	69.4
	p-value	0.3192				0.2789				0.1962				0.3919				0.2092
Social support	Low	21	30.4	48	69.6	6	8.7	63	91.3	23	33.3	46	66.7	8	11.6	61	88.4	20	29.0	49	71.0
	High	7	14.9	40	85.1	4	8.5	43	91.5	12	25.5	35	74.5	6	12.8	41	87.2	21	44.7	26	55.3
	p-value	0.0274				0.4861				0.1844				0.4246				0.0413

SDNN the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals, rMSSD the root-mean square of the difference of successive normal R-R intervals, LF low frequency band power, HF high frequency band power, LF:HF ratio of low-frequency power to high-frequency power, OPA occupational physical activity, BMI body mass index

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