Fig. 4

Global distribution of CKDu/CKDmfo. All affected countries are located close to the equator and have agriculture-based economies. Red circles indicate that the causes for CKDu/CKDmfo are unknown; yellow circles indicate countries in which some of the potential causes are understood. Some commonalities, especially the proximity to the equator of affected countries, are highlighted. The map is from the public domain, modified to indicate locations