Blood cadmium and volume of uterine fibroids in premenopausal women

Table 2 Geometric mean of heavy metals in blood by characteristics of study population

	Cadmium (μg/L)	P	Lead (μg/dL)	P	Mercury (μg/L)	P
	GM ± GSD		GM ± GSD		GM ± GSD
All	0.98 ± 1.45		1.36 ± 1.41		1.61 ± 1.81
Age
<40 years old	0.94 ± 1.41	<0.001	1.33 ± 1.42	0.058	1.55 ± 1.80	0.046
≥40 years old	1.14 ± 1.50		1.46 ± 1.36		1.80 ± 1.82	0.046
Education
≤High school	1.00 ± 1.49	0.451	1.40 ± 1.40	0.267	1.67 ± 1.79	0.442
≥University	0.97 ± 1.43		1.34 ± 1.42		1.58 ± 1.82	0.442
Income/monthly
<4,000,000	1.00 ± 1.46	0.824	1.39 ± 1.41	0.166	1.54 ± 1.88	0.143
≥4,000,000	0.97 ± 1.43		1.33 ± 1.40		1.70 ± 1.72	0.143
Body mass index
Non-obesity (<25 kg/m²)	0.98 ± 1.42	0.479	1.36 ± 1.43	0.873	1.55 ± 1.81	0.010
Obesity (≥25 kg/m²)	0.99 ± 1.59		1.38 ± 1.30		2.01 ± 1.74	0.010
Hemoglobin
Anemia (<12 g/dL)	0.96 ± 1.42	0.002	1.35 ± 1.42	0.491	1.64 ± 1.79	0.118
Non-anemia (≥12 g/dL)	1.22 ± 1.62		1.42 ± 1.28		1.34 ± 1.93	0.118
Serum cotinine
No exposure (<10 ng/ml)	0.97 ± 1.45	0.024	1.36 ± 1.42	0.252	1.63 ± 1.82	0.123
Passive/Active/Heavy smoking (10 ≥ ng/ml)	1.12 ± 1.41		1.30 ± 1.35		1.36 ± 1.65	0.123
Disease status
Women without fibroids	0.97 ± 1.43	0.169	1.35 ± 1.41	0.334	1.59 ± 1.82	0.317
Women with fibroids	1.07 ± 1.52		1.43 ± 1.43		1.73 ± 1.76	0.317
Fibroid size of women with fibroids
Smaller than median size (<1.82cm³)	1.01 ± 1.51	0.839	1.36 ± 1.53	0.946	1.89 ± 1.66	0.433
Larger than median size (≥1.82cm³)	1.07 ± 1.55		1.45 ± 1.38		1.64 ± 1.81	0.433

ISSN: 2052-4374