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Table 5 Multiple linear regression analysis of the relationship between HOMA-β, HOMA-IR and urine arsenobetaine

From: Association of arsenobetaine with beta-cell function assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) in nondiabetic Koreans: data from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2009

Variables

Total

Male

Female

HOMA-β (%)

HOMA-IR

HOMA-β (%)

HOMA-IR

HOMA-β (%)

HOMA-IR

Coefficient (95% C.I)

p value

Coefficient (95% C.I)

p value

Coefficient (95% C.I)

p value

Coefficient (95% C.I)

p value

Coefficient (95% C.I)

p-value

Coefficient (95% C.I)

p value

Urine arsenobetaine (μg/g_cr)

 1st quartile (Undetectable-16.36)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 2nd quartile (16.91–70.70)

−9.613 (−24.490, 5.264)

0.205

−0.208(−0.449, 0.033)

0.091

−30.043(−53.954, −6.133)

<0.05

−0.405(−0.835, −0.025)

0.065

5.394(−13.276, 24.064)

0.571

−0.059(−0.329, 0.211)

0.668

 3rd quartile (71.57–321.71)

−17.796(−33.257, −2.334)

<0.05

−0.219(−0.469, 0.031)

0.086

−22.382(−44.023, −0.742)

<0.05

−0.343(−0.732, 0.046)

0.084

−12.575(−35.104, 9.954)

0.274

−0.071(−0.397, 0.254)

0.667

 4th quartile (324.19–2620.78)

−8.368(−24.891, 8.056)

0.318

−0.038(−0.304,0.228)

0.779

−14.950(−39.251, 9.351)

0.228

−0.027(−0.464, 0.410)

0.902

−3.857(−25.647, 17.932)

0.729

−0.055(−0.370, 0.259)

0.731

Age (years)

01.117(−1.486,0.748)

<0.001

−0.004(−0.010, 0.002)

0.172

−1.211(−1.752, −0.671)

<0.001

−0.006(−0.015, 0.004)

0.258

−1.052(−1.558, −0.546)

<0.001

−0.003(−0.011, 0.004)

0.376

BMI (kg/cm2)

5.188 (3.523, 6.853)

<0.001

0.136 (0.109, 0.163)

<0.001

5.465 (3.075,7.855)

<0.001

0.149 (0.106, 0.192)

<0.001

5.565 (3.184, 7.946)

<0.001

0.132 (0.097, 0.166)

<0.001

Smokinga

−10.452(−22.42, 1.515)

0.087

−0.114(−0.308, 0.080)

0.248

−11.827(−27.403,3.750)

0.137

−0.251(−0.531, 0.029)

0.079

8.524 (−14.362, 31.410)

0.465

0.242(−0.088, 0.572)

0.151

Alcohol consumptionb

−14.864(−26.291, −3.436)

<0.05

0.065(−0.120, 0.250)

0.492

−18.557(−37.121, 0.006)

0.050

0.077(−0.256, 0.411)

0.650

−9.699(−24.618, 5.219)

0.203

0.045(−0.170, 0.261)

0.680

Regular exercisec

−4.067(−15.791, 7.657)

0.497

−0.137(−0.327, 0.053)

0.157

−2.490(−18.472, 13.492)

0.760

−0.031(−0.318, 0.256)

0.833

−4.731(−21.725, 12.264)

0.585

−0.260(−0.505, −0.015)

<0.05

Blood mercury (μg/L)

 1st quartile (1.188–2.977)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 2nd quartile (2.987–4.598)

15.686 (1.036,30.337)

<0.05

−0.046(−0.283, 0.191)

0.705

−0.415(−25.210, 24.381)

0.974

−0.264(−0.710, 0.182)

0.246

27.067 (8.938, 45.197)

<0.01

0.108(−0.153, 0.370)

0.417

 3rd quartile (4.625–6.969)

5.642(−10.252, 21.536)

0.487

0.023(−0.235, 0.280)

0.862

−2.752(−27.702, 22.197)

0.829

−0.388(−0.836, 0.061)

0.090

11.404(−9.568, 32.377)

0.287

0.304 (0.001, 0.607)

<0.05

 4th quartile (6.997–37.654)

−15.172(−32.179, 1.835)

0.08

−0.165(−0.440, 0.110)

0.240

−27.387(−52.474, −2.300)

<0.05

−0.524(−0.975, −0.073)

<0.05

3.667(−21.177, 28.512)

0.772

0.178(−0.181, 0.536)

0.332

  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, C.I confidence interval
  2. aSmoking status was indicated as ‘yes’ for participants who had smoked more than five packs of cigarettes during their life and were currently smoking
  3. bAlcohol consumption was indicated as ‘yes’ for participants who consumed at least one glass of alcohol every month over the previous year
  4. cRegular exercise was indicated as ‘yes’ when the participant performed mederate or strenuous exercise on a regular basis (for more than 30 min at a time and more than five times per week in the case of moderate exercise; for more than 20 min at a time in the case of strenuous exercise)
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

ISSN: 2052-4374

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