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Table 3 Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) relating dietary factors of high urinary concentration of bisphenol A (male: ≥ 2.37 μg/g creatinine, female: ≥3.15 μg/g creatinine) compared to low urinary concentration of bisphenol A

From: Relationship between dietary factors and bisphenol a exposure: the second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS 2012–2014)

Category

Male

Female

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 1a

Model 2b

At-home drinking water

 Filtered water

1

1

1

1

 Tap water or boiled water

1.09(0.84–1.42)

1.11(0.85–1.45)

0.91(0.72–1.15)

0.95(0.75–1.20)

 Bottled water

1.24(0.84–1.82)

1.23(0.83–1.81)

1.40(1.03–2.10)

1.45(1.06–2.17)

 Mineral or ground water

1.05(0.69–1.59)

1.04(0.68–1.59)

0.92(0.63–1.36)

0.96(0.65–1.43)

Canned food intake

 Rarely

1

1

1

1

  < Once a week

0.95(0.72–1.25)

0.94(0.67–1.32)

1.15(0.92–1.45)

1.11(0.87–1.42)

  ≥ Once a week

1.06(0.78–1.44)

1.00(0.68–1.48)

1.18(0.90–1.56)

1.17(0.85–1.60)

Frozen food intake

 Rarely

1

1

1

1

  < Once a week

1.10(0.78–1.58)

1.12(0.81–1.61)

1.05(0.69–1.61)

1.11(0.70–1.76)

  ≥ Once a week

1.42(0.98–2.12)

1.48(1.02–2.24)

1.18(0.73–1.91)

1.20(0.73–1.95)

Food container in refrigerator

 Glass or metal or porcelain ware

1

1

1

1

 Plastic ware

1.06(0.57–1.97)

1.10(0.61–2.01)

1.20(0.77–1.89)

1.15(0.73–1.81)

 Zip-top or plastic bag

1.06(0.57–1.96)

1.12(0.62–2.02)

1.22(0.75–2.01)

1.20(0.73–1.97)

  1. aModel 1: crude model
  2. bModel 2: age, BMI, sociodemographic status (education, marital status, and household income), individual factors (alcohol intake, exercise, and smoking), and dietary factors