Table 2 Cohort studies of HCV and HCC

Guiltinan et al. (2008) [80] USA

10,259 anti-HCV-positive allogeneic blood donors (6627 men, 3632 women) and 10,259 anti-HCV-negative donors (6627 men, 3632 women),

Average follow-up: 7.7 years

Anti-HCV,

Neg 1 Pos 16

1.0 16.6 (2.2–125.5),

Matched on sex, age, and zip code

Chang et al. (1994) [33]

Taiwan, China

9775 men (aged 30–85 years),

enrolled between 1984 and 1986 and followed to 1992 (years of follow-up: 0.5–6.0 years)

Anti-HCV,

Neg 33 Pos 5

1.0 88.2 (5.2–1509)

Adjusted age, residence, date of recruitment, HBsAg, vegetable consumption, and chronic liver disease history

Yuan et al. (1995) [76]

Shanghai, China

18,244 men (aged 45–64 years),

enrolled between 1986 and 1989 and followed to 1993

Anti-HCV,

Neg 75 Pos 1

1.0 5.0 (0.3–79.9),

Adjusted age, time of sample collection, and neighbourhood of residence

Boschi-Pinto et al. (2000) [77] Miyazaki, Japan

965 residents of Village A in Miyazaki Prefecture (389 men, 576 women), followed from 1984 to 1994 with 96% follow-up rate

Anti-HCV,

Neg 2 Pos 6

1.0 8.2 (1.6–41.6)

Adjusted age, sex, smoking, drinking, and human T lymphotropic virus type I

Mori et al. (2000) [78]

Japan

3052 residents of Town K on Kyushu Island (974 men, 2078 women), enrolled in prospective, followed from 1992 to 1997 (mean follow-up: 4.6 years) with 97% follow-up rate

Anti-HCV,

Neg 3 Low titre+ 1 High titre+ 18

3.4 (0.35–33.5) 40.4 (11.7–139.2)

Adjusted age and sex

Sharp et al. (2003) [79]

Japan

7647 members of cohort of Japanese survivors of 1945 atomic bombings who were residents of Hiroshima or Nagasaki and still alive in 1950–1952, autopsied in 1954–1988 with archival tissue samples and clinical records

HCV RNA,

Neg 82 Pos 67

1.0 5.9 (2.7–13.4)

Adjusted radiation exposure, year of death, age at death, city, sex, HBV infection, and cirrhosis

Wang et al. (2003) [37]

Taiwan, China

11,837 men (aged 30–64 years), participants in community-based cancer screening project in 7 townships in main Taiwan Island and Penghu Islets, enrolled between 1990 and 1992 and followed to 2000 (mean follow-up: 7.8 years);

Anti-HCV,

Neg 100 Pos 15

1.0 2.45 (1.4–4.2)

Adjusted age at recruitment, residence, and HBsAg

Amin et al. (2006)

New South Wales, Australia

75,834 HCV monoinfected (without HBV) persons notified to New South Wales Health Department’s Notifiable Diseases Database between 1990 and 2002 (47,903 men, 27,931 women); median age at viral hepatitis notification: 34 years; 10% of cohort estimated to be co-infected with HIV

anti-HCV

or HCV RNA,

Obs:Exp

HCC 143:6.4

22.5 (19.1–26.5)

Adjusted age, sex, and calendar year